@article {Subbotin:2001qm,
	title = {Phylogenetic relationships within the cyst-forming nematodes (Nematoda, Heteroderidae) based on analysis of sequences from the ITS regions of ribosomal DNA},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {1-16},
	publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS INC},
	address = {525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA},
	abstract = {The ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S gene sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA from 40 taxa of the family Heteroderidae (including the genera Afenestrata, Cactodera, Heterodera, Globodera, Punctodera, Meloidodera, Cryphodera, and Thecavermiculatus) were sequenced and analyzed. The ITS regions displayed high levels of sequence divergence within Heteroderinae and compared to outgroup taxa. Unlike recent findings in root knot nematodes, ITS sequence polymorphism does not appear to complicate phylogenetic analysis of cyst nematodes. Phylogenetic analyses with maximum-parsimony, minimum-evolution, and maximum-likelihood methods were performed with a range of computer alignments, including elision and culled alignments. All multiple alignments and phylogenetic methods yielded similar basic structure for phylogenetic relationships of Heteroderidae. The cyst-forming nematodes are represented by six main clades corresponding to morphological characters and host specialization, with certain clades assuming different positions depending on alignment procedure and/or method of phylogenetic inference. Hypotheses of monophyly of Punctoderinae and Heteroderinae are, respectively, strongly and moderately supported by the ITS data across most alignments. Close relationships were revealed between the Avenae and the Sacchari groups and between the Humuli group and the species H. salixophila within Heteroderinae. The Goettingiana group occupies a basal position within this subfamily. The validity of the genera Afenestrata and Bidera was tested and is discussed based on molecular data. We conclude that ITS sequence data are appropriate for studies of relationships within the different species groups and less so for recovery of more ancient speciations within Heteroderidae. (C) 2001 Academic Press.},
	keywords = {coevolution, cyst-forming nematodes, Heteroderidae, phylogeny, sequence alignments},
	author = {Subbotin, SA and Vierstraete, A and De Ley, P and Rowe, J and Waeyenberge, L and Moens, M and Vanfleteren, JR}
}
@article {Derycke:2008uk,
	title = {Disentangling taxonomy within the Rhabditis (Pellioditis) marina (Nematoda, Rhabditidae) species complex using molecular and morphological tools},
	journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},
	volume = {152},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1-15},
	publisher = {BLACKWELL PUBLISHING},
	address = {9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2ZG, OXON, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {Correct taxonomy is a prerequisite for biological research, but currently it is undergoing a serious crisis, resulting in the neglect of many highly diverse groups of organisms. In nematodes, species delimitation remains problematic due to their high morphological plasticity. Evolutionary approaches using DNA sequences can potentially overcome the problems caused by morphology, but they are also affected by theoretical flaws. A holistic approach with a combination of morphological and molecular methods can therefore produce a straightforward delimitation of species. The present study investigates the taxonomic status of some highly divergent mitochondrial haplotypes in the Rhabditis (Pellioditis) marina species complex by using a combination of molecular and morphological tools. We used three molecular markers (COI, ITS, D2D3) and performed phylogenetic analyses. Subsequently, morphometric data from nearly all lineages were analysed with multivariate techniques. We included R. (P.) mediterranea and R. (R.) nidrosiensis to infer species status of the observed lineages. The results showed that highly divergent genotypic clusters were accompanied by morphological differences, and we created a graphical polytomous key for identifications. This study indisputably demonstrates that R. (P.) marina and R. (P.) mediterranea belong to a huge species complex and that biodiversity in free-living marine nematodes may be seriously underestimated. (C) 2008 The Linnean Society of London.},
	keywords = {COI, D2D3, delimitation, DNA-barcoding, holistic, ITS, Pellioditis marina, polytomous key},
	author = {Derycke, S. and Fonseca, G. and Vierstraete, A and Vanfleteren, J. and Vincx, M and Moens, T}
}
@article {Blaxter1998_41,
	title = {A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum {Nematoda}},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {392},
	number = {6671},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {71{\textendash}75},
	author = {Blaxter, M. L. and De Ley, P and Garey, JR and Liu, L. X. and Scheldeman, P. and Vierstraete, A and Vanfleteren, JR and Mackey, L. Y. and Dorris, M. and Frisse, L.M. and Vida, J.T. and Thomas, W. K.}
}
@article {DeLey2002,
	title = {Phylogenetic analyses of \emph{Meloidogyne} small subunit r{DNA}},
	journal = {Journal of Nematology},
	volume = {34},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {319{\textendash}327},
	author = {De Ley, I. T. and De Ley, P and Vierstraete, A and Karssen, G. and Moens, M and Vanfleteren, J.}
}
@article {Elbadri2002,
	title = {Intraspecific variation in \emph{Radopholus similis} isolates assessed with restriction fragment length polymorphism and {DNA} sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal {RNA} cistron},
	journal = {International Journal for Parasitology},
	volume = {32},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {199{\textendash}205},
	author = {Elbadri, G.A.A. and De Ley, P and Waeyenberge, L and Vierstraete, A and Moens, M and Vanfleteren. J.}
}
