@article {Poinar:2008hs,
	title = {Palaeonema phyticum gen. n., sp n. (Nematoda : Palaeonematidae fam. n.), a Devonian nematode associated with early land plants},
	journal = {Nematology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {9-14},
	publisher = {BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS},
	address = {PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {Nematodes are one of the most abundant groups of invertebrates on the face of the earth. Their extremely poor fossil record hinders our ability to assess just when members of this group invaded land and first became associated with plants. This study reports fossil nematodes from the stomatal chambers of the Early Devonian (396 mya) land plant, Aglaophyton major. These nematodes, which are tentatively assigned to the order Enoplia, are described as Palaeonema phyticum gen. n., sp. n. in the new family Palaeonematidae fam. n. Diagnostic characters of the family are: i) cuticular striations; ii) uniform, cylindrical pharynx with the terminal portion only slightly set off from the remainder; and iii) a two-portioned buccal cavity with the upper portion bearing protuberances. The presence of eggs, juveniles and adults in family clusters within the plant tissues provide the earliest evidence of an association between terrestrial plants and animals and may represent an early stage in the evolution of plant parasitism by nematodes.},
	keywords = {Aglaophyton major, fossil nematode, morphology, morphometrics, Rhynie chert},
	author = {Poinar, George, Jr. and Kerp, Hans and Hass, Hagen}
}
@article {Fonseca-Genevois:2009xw,
	title = {Bernardius lineatus gen. n., sp n. (Enoplida: Enchelidiidae), a remarkable nematode with ornamented cuticle from a Brazilian tropical sandy beach},
	journal = {Nematology},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {275-287},
	publisher = {BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS},
	address = {PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {Bernardius lineatus gen. n., sp. n. is described from a sandy beach at Tamandare Bay, Brazil. It possesses the main characteristics of the family Enchelidiidae (Nematoda: Enoplida), but is unique by the presence of a body cuticle ornamented with longitudinal ridges formed by small rods, an entirely different character to all other members of the order Enoplida. The new genus is also characterised by a long, subdivided, buccal cavity with two subventral teeth and numerous denticles and the arrangement of the anterior sensilla in two crowns, the anterior crown being papilliform and the posterior crown consisting of six external labial and four cephalic sensilla, setiform. The relationships of the genera within the Enchelidiidae are discussed and an emended family diagnosis provided.},
	keywords = {description, morphology, morphometrics, new genus, new species, phylogeny, SEM, taxonomy},
	doi = {DOI 10.1163/156854109X429600},
	author = {da Fonseca-Genevois, Veronica and Smol, Nic and Decraemer, Wilfrida and Venekey, Virag}
}
@article {Holovachov:2008kx,
	title = {Nematodes from the Gulf of California. Part 2. Ceramonema nasobema sp n. (Nematoda: Ceramonematidae)},
	journal = {Nematology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {835-844},
	publisher = {BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS},
	address = {PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {An unusual new ceramonematid, Ceramonema nasobema sp. n., is described using light and scanning electron microscopy. It is particularly characterised by the presence of a perioral tube projecting 5.5-7.0 mu m anterior to the lips, moderately long body (0.86-1.09 mm), relatively small number of body annules (121-134), weakly developed zygapophyses, absence of intracuticular vacuoles, pronounced sexual dimorphism in amphid shape with the male ventral amphidial branch extending as far posterior as the 55-80th annule (no extension in females), barrel-shaped stoma, sigmoid and anteriorly inclined vagina without sclerotisations, gubernaculum with dorsal apophyses and relatively uniform cloacal annules. The new species differs from all other known species of Ceramonema especially by the shape of the amphid in males, the strongly projecting perioral tube and the inclined, sigmoid, vagina. Additional data on morphology of Ceramonema algoensis (from Natal Bay, South Africa) are also provided as this species has the most prominent perioral tube among previously described members of the genus.},
	keywords = {Baja California, Ceramonema algoensis, Mexico, morphology, morphometrics, SEM, taxonomy},
	author = {Holovachov, Oleksandr and Mundo-Ocampo, Manuel and De Ley, Irma Tandingan and De Ley, Paul}
}
@article {Barsi:2008bs,
	title = {Morphological and molecular characterisation of two putative Xiphinema americanum-group species, X-parasimile and X-simile (Nematoda : Dorylaimida) from Serbia},
	journal = {Nematology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {15-25},
	publisher = {BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS},
	address = {PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {Problems associated with the taxonomic status of Xiphinema porasimile and X. simile are reviewed. Their accurate identification is difficult due to their high morphological and morphometrical similarity. A comparative morphological and molecular study of these species was done to define their specific status and differences. Lip region morphology showed less variability in comparison with tail shape in both species, which was more variable in X. simile. Differences in lip region were constant between these species, but specimens with similar tail shape rarely occurred. Both species showed considerable overlap in all morphometrical data and a polytomous key is inadequate for their practical identification. In practice, the most reliable approach for accurate determination of X. parasimile and X. simile is the use of a combination of morphometrics with morphology of lip and vulval regions and tail shape. Total DNA was isolated from individual nematodes of both species and the ITS region of the 18S and 26S rDNA and D1-D2 expansion segments of the 26S rDNA were amplified and cloned. The ITS-RFLP patterns clearly revealed X. simile and X. parasimile to be distinct species. The restriction profiles of the D1-D2 amplicons also discriminated these species. D1-D2 sequences revealed no intrapopulation variability and their comparison showed 89\% of similarity to each other. These data show that both ribosomal regions are useful to differentiate X. parasimile and X. simile as two distinct species despite similar morphology and morphometrics.},
	keywords = {D1-D2 expansion domain, DNA sequencing, ITS, morphology, morphometrics, RFLP},
	author = {Barsi, Laszlo and De Luca, Francesca}
}
