@article {Mahmoudi:2007ad,
	title = {Individual and combined effects of lead and zinc on a free-living marine nematode community: Results from microcosm experiments},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {343},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {217-226},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {A microcosm experiment was carried out to study the influence of lead and zinc, individually and in mixtures, on a free-living nematode community of a Tunisian lagoon. Three levels (low, medium and high) of each heavy metal were used, separately and in combinations, for sediment contamination and effects were examined after two months. Results from the multiple comparison tests showed significant differences between nematode assemblages from undisturbed controls and those from lead and/or zinc treatments. Most univariate measures, including diversity and species richness, decreased significantly in the treated microcosms. Results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data revealed significant effects of both metals, separately or in mixtures, at all the doses tested on nematode assemblages. All treatments were significantly different from the control and from each other. Both univariate and multivariate analyses of the data showed that the differential response occurred in all treatments but the communities from microcosms contaminated with lead and zinc separately were much more strongly affected. This result is suggestive of antagonistic interactions between Pb and Zn. The responses of nematode species to the lead and zinc treatments were varied: Calomicrolaimus honestus was eliminated at all lead doses tested and seemed to be intolerant species to Pb contamination whereas Oncholaimus campylocercoides increased significantly at low and medium lead contamination, was eliminated in Pb-highly amended sediment treatments and increased at all zinc doses used. This species could be categorized as "opportunistic" at low and medium lead doses and "zinc-resistant" species. Hypodontolaimus colesi was eliminated in all replicates treated with Zn even at low concentration and appeared to be a very sensitive species to zinc contamination. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {community structure, heavy metals, lagoons, microcosm, nematodes},
	doi = {DOI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.12.017},
	author = {Mahmoudi, E. and Essid, N. and Beyrem, H. and Hedfi, A. and Boufahja, F. and Vitiello, P. and Aissa, P.}
}
@article {Beyrem:2007pi,
	title = {Individual and combined effects of cadmium and diesel on a nematode community in a laboratory microcosm experiment},
	journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {412-418},
	publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE},
	address = {525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA},
	abstract = {A microcosm experiment was carried out to study the influence of cadmium and diesel, individually and in a mixture, on a free living nematode community of a Tunisian lagoon. Sediments were contaminated with cadmium that ranged in concentration from 0.54 to 1.40 mg Cd kg(-1) (dry weight (dw)), by diesel at 0.25 mg kg(-1) (dw), by a cadmium-diesel mixture (Cd at 1.40 mg kg(-1) + Diesel at 0.25 mg kg(-1)) and effects were examined after 90 days. Univariate analysis showed that all univariate indices did not change significantly neither at all the levels of cadmium contamination nor at 0.25 mg kg(-1) (dw) diesel concentration. But, at the cadmium-diesel mixture, significant differences were recorded between nematode assemblages from uncontaminated sediment control microcosm and those from cadmium-diesel mixture amended sediment treatments. Total nematode abundance (I), mean individual weight (bi), Shannon-Weaver index H{\textquoteright}, species richness (d), evenness (J{\textquoteright}) and number of species (S) decreased significantly in microcosms contaminated with both cadmium and diesel. Results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data demonstrated that responses of nematode species to the cadmium-diesel treatments were varied: Marylynnia stekhoveni, Calomicrolaimus honestus and Oncholaimellus mediterraneus were significantly affected at the cadmium-diesel contamination but they were not eliminated. These species could be categorized as "cadmium-diesel sensitive". Enoploides sp. and Oncholaimus campylocercoides, characterized by increased abundanc s in cadmium-diesel amended sediment, seemed to be "cadmium-diesel resistant" species. All these species, "cadmium-diesel sensitive or "cadmium-diesel resistant", were not affected by either cadmium or diesel alone. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {cadmium, community structure, contaminant mixture, diesel, microcosm, nematodes, sediment},
	doi = {DOI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.12.007},
	author = {Beyrem, H. and Mahmoudi, E. and Essid, N. and Hedfi, A. and Boufahja, F. and Aissa, P.}
}
