@article {Mahmoudi:2007ad,
	title = {Individual and combined effects of lead and zinc on a free-living marine nematode community: Results from microcosm experiments},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {343},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {217-226},
	publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
	address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {A microcosm experiment was carried out to study the influence of lead and zinc, individually and in mixtures, on a free-living nematode community of a Tunisian lagoon. Three levels (low, medium and high) of each heavy metal were used, separately and in combinations, for sediment contamination and effects were examined after two months. Results from the multiple comparison tests showed significant differences between nematode assemblages from undisturbed controls and those from lead and/or zinc treatments. Most univariate measures, including diversity and species richness, decreased significantly in the treated microcosms. Results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data revealed significant effects of both metals, separately or in mixtures, at all the doses tested on nematode assemblages. All treatments were significantly different from the control and from each other. Both univariate and multivariate analyses of the data showed that the differential response occurred in all treatments but the communities from microcosms contaminated with lead and zinc separately were much more strongly affected. This result is suggestive of antagonistic interactions between Pb and Zn. The responses of nematode species to the lead and zinc treatments were varied: Calomicrolaimus honestus was eliminated at all lead doses tested and seemed to be intolerant species to Pb contamination whereas Oncholaimus campylocercoides increased significantly at low and medium lead contamination, was eliminated in Pb-highly amended sediment treatments and increased at all zinc doses used. This species could be categorized as "opportunistic" at low and medium lead doses and "zinc-resistant" species. Hypodontolaimus colesi was eliminated in all replicates treated with Zn even at low concentration and appeared to be a very sensitive species to zinc contamination. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {community structure, heavy metals, lagoons, microcosm, nematodes},
	doi = {DOI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.12.017},
	author = {Mahmoudi, E. and Essid, N. and Beyrem, H. and Hedfi, A. and Boufahja, F. and Vitiello, P. and Aissa, P.}
}
@article {Moreno:2009eu,
	title = {Nematode response to metal, PAHs and organic enrichment in tourist marinas of the mediterranean sea},
	journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1192-1201},
	publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD},
	address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {The structure of nematode assemblages was investigated in the sediments of two different tourist marinas in the Mediterranean Sea and related to pollution variables. Nematode densities and generic compositions were determined, as were concentrations of heavy metals, PAHs and organic matter. Results showed different assemblages at the two marinas, with a dominance of the genera Paralongicyatholaimus and Daptonema. Significant correlations between nematodes and concentrations of environmental contaminants were found. In particular, Paralongicyatholaimus showed a significant negative correlation with Cu concentrations and was almost absent at the stations where higher Cu concentrations were found. The presence of sensitive/tolerant nematode genera represents a promising tool to identify areas subjected to a higher level of disturbance and to define the correct environmental management strategy for harbors. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Harbor sediments, heavy metals, Mediterranean Sea, nematode, organic matter, PAHs},
	doi = {DOI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.03.016},
	author = {Moreno, M. and Albertelli, G. and Fabiano, M.}
}
@article {Bert:2009zl,
	title = {Nematode assemblages in a nature reserve with historical pollution},
	journal = {Belgian Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {139},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {3-14},
	publisher = {SOC ROYALE ZOOLOGIQUE BELGIQUE},
	address = {C/O PROF DR E SCHOCKAERT, DEPT SBG, LIMBURGS UNIV CENTRUM, B-3590 DIEPENBEEK, BELGIUM},
	abstract = {Nematodes, and especially nematode communities, have significant potential as bio-indicators. The present study aimed to assess thee nematode community structure of several sites with different historical pollution Long-term polluted municipal waste-, tar- and sludge- sites were compared with less disturbed annex sites At each site heavy metal and PAHs concentrations were measured together with soil texture classes. pH and total organic matter Identification of three hundred nematodes at each location resulted in the discrimination of 63 genera from 32 different families of which the Cephalobidae. Belonolaimidae, Tylenchidae, Hoplolaimidae, Belonolaimidae and Plectidae were the most abundant families The sampling sites harbour significantly different nematode communities and significant differences of life-strategy-related parameters (cp-groups, MI Indexes) were observed. The significant augmentation of the proportion of the cp 2 nematodes in historically-polluted sites was especially informative. Omitting the cp 1 group from the MI (=MI2-5) better reflects putative historical pollution-induced community changes However, the current study did not reveal significant relationships between historical pollution and the feeding type composition, or the Shannon-Wiener diversity The observed results are critically assessed in the light of possible flaws such as sampling and analyzing limitations.},
	keywords = {bio-indicator, diversity, feeding types, heavy metals, life strategy, MI, pollution},
	author = {Bert, Wim and Manhout, Joeri and Van Colen, Carl and Borgonie, Gaetan and Decraemer, Wilfrida}
}
