@article {Vanreusel:2010tg,
	title = {The contribution of deep-sea macrohabitat heterogeneity to global nematode diversity},
	journal = {Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {6-20},
	publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC},
	address = {COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA},
	abstract = {The great variety of geological and hydrological conditions in the deep sea generates many different habitats. Some are only recently explored, although their true extent and geographical coverage are still not fully established. Both continental margins and mid-oceanic seafloors are much more complex ecologically, geologically, chemically and hydrodynamically than originally thought. As a result, fundamental patterns of species distribution first observed and explained in the context of relatively monotonous slopes and abyssal plains must now be re-evaluated in the light of this newly recognized habitat heterogeneity. Based on a global database of nematode genus composition, collected as part of the Census of Marine Life, we show that macrohabitat heterogeneity contributes significantly to total deep-sea nematode diversity on a global scale. Different deep-sea settings harbour specific nematode assemblages. Some of them, like coral rubble zones or nodule areas, are very diverse habitats. Factors such as increased substrate complexity in the case of nodules and corals seem to facilitate the co-existence of a large number of genera with different modes of life, ranging from sediment dwelling to epifaunal. Furthermore, strong biochemical gradients in the case of vents or seeps are responsible for the success of particular genera, which are not prominent in more typical soft sediments. Many nematode deep-sea genera are cosmopolitan, inhabiting a variety of deep-sea habitats and oceans, whereas only 21\% of all deep-sea genera recorded are restricted to a single habitat. In addition to habitat heterogeneity, regional differences are important in structuring nematode assemblages. For instance, seeps from different regions yield different genera that thrive on the sulphidic sediments. This study also shows that many areas and habitats remain highly under-sampled, affecting our ability to understand fully the contribution of habitat heterogeneity versus regional differences to global nematode diversity.},
	keywords = {Biodiversity, census of marine life, deep sea, habitat heterogeneity, meiofauna, nematode genera},
	doi = {DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2009.00352.x},
	author = {Vanreusel, Ann and Fonseca, Gustavo and Danovaro, Roberto and da Silva, Maria Cristina and Esteves, Andre M. and Ferrero, Tim and Gad, Gunnar and Galtsova, Valentina and Gambi, Cristina and Genevois, Veronica da Fonseca and Ingels, Jeroen and Ingole, Baban and Lampadariou, Nikolaos and Merckx, Bea and Miljutin, Dmitry and Miljutina, Maria and Muthumbi, Agnes and Netto, Sergio and Portnova, Daria and Radziejewska, Teresa and Raes, Maarten and Tchesunov, Alexei and Vanaverbeke, Jan and Van Gaever, Saskia and Venekey, Virag and Bezerra, Tania Nara and Flint, Hannah and Copley, John and Pape, Ellen and Zeppilli, Daniela and Martinez, Pedro Arbizu and Galeron, Joelle}
}
@booklet {Ingels:2009db,
	title = {Nematode diversity and its relation to the quantity and quality of sedimentary organic matter in the deep Nazare Canyon, Western Iberian Margin},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers},
	pages = {1521-1539},
	publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD},
	address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {Samples collected in the deep Nazare Canyon and at the adjacent slope, during the HERMES RRS Discovery D297 cruise (2005), were analysed for metazoan meiofauna, nematode structure and diversity and its relation to quality and quantity of sedimentary organic material. The amount and quality of organic matter available for direct consumption was much higher in the canyon compared to the slope and positively correlated with high nematode abundances (795-1171 ind. 10 cm(-2)) and biomass (93.2-343.5 mu g dry weight 10 cm(-2)). thus leading to higher standing stocks. Canyon nematode assemblages also showed particular adaptations (e.g. higher trophic complexity, variability of nematode morphology, and presence of opportunistic genera) to canyon conditions, particularly in the deeper sediment layers. The Nazare Canyon{\textquoteright}s nematode diversity was slightly lower than that of the adjacent slope and its assemblages were characterised by a higher dominance of certain genera. Still, the canyon contributes considerably to total Western Iberian Margin diversity due to different assemblages present compared to the slope. Furthermore, the harsh conditions in terms of hydrodynamic disturbance and the high organic matter flux are likely to have a negative impact on the establishment of species rich meiobenthic communities, especially in the canyon axis. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {deep sea, diversity, Meiobenthos, Nazare, nematodes, Sedimentary organic matter, Submarine canyons, Western Iberian Margin},
	doi = {DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.04.010},
	author = {Ingels, Jeroen and Kiriakoulakis, Konstadinos and Wolff, George A. and Vanreusel, Ann}
}
@article {Fonseca:2009fv,
	title = {Regional patterns of nematode assemblages in the Arctic deep seas},
	journal = {Polar Biology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1345-1357},
	publisher = {SPRINGER},
	address = {233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA},
	abstract = {Surface primary productivity and carbon flux in the Arctic Seas are higher along the warm Spitsbergen Water Current than along the ice-infested East Greenland Current. These contrasting oceanographic conditions are reflected in the deep-sea environment and may shape nematode assemblages. However, the paucity of samples in the Arctic deep seas precludes any regional scale assessment. In the present study, nematode assemblages were investigated in relation to a range of environmental variables along the 2,000 m isobath between latitudes 72A degrees N and 79A degrees N for both East and Western margins of the northern North Atlantic. Results showed that both margins had distinct environmental characteristics, with respect to chloroplastic pigments, sediment water content, sediment-bound organic matter, phospholipids and particulate proteins. Nematode assemblages varied according to these environmental changes. Along the more oligotrophic western margin, chloroplastic pigments increased towards the North, while the other environmental variables, nematode abundances and species richness decreased. In contrast, along the eastern margin, we observed higher quantities of organic matter and particulate protein, which supported higher abundance and species richness. Nematode assemblages along both margins varied according to food availability with species composition more variable in areas with lower amounts. Seventy percent of the species occurred in both margins indicating a low turnover of species. The present results support the hypothesis of a positive latitudinal gradient across the North Atlantic and further suggest that contemporary climate and recent ecological processes may predict nematode diversity patterns at larger scales.},
	keywords = {Arctic benthos, Arctic marine ecology, biogeography, deep sea, Latitudinal variations, species diversity},
	doi = {DOI 10.1007/s00300-009-0631-4},
	author = {Fonseca, Gustavo and Soltwedel, Thomas}
}
