03830nas a2200577   4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260008700199300000900286490000700295520203500302653001702337653002602354653001302380653002602393653001402419653002002433100001902453700002102472700002202493700003002515700002302545700001702568700001602585700002402601700002002625700003502645700001902680700001802699700002602717700001602743700002102759700002102780700002002801700001802821700002002839700002502859700001802884700002202902700002102924700002302945700001902968700002502987700001803012700001703030700001603047700002203063700002803085700002003113856011903133       2010                        eng d00aThe contribution of deep-sea macrohabitat heterogeneity to global nematode diversity0 acontribution of deepsea macrohabitat heterogeneity to global nem  aCOMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USAbWILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  a6-200 v313 aThe great variety of geological and hydrological conditions in the deep sea generates many different habitats. Some are only recently explored, although their true extent and geographical coverage are still not fully established. Both continental margins and mid-oceanic seafloors are much more complex ecologically, geologically, chemically and hydrodynamically than originally thought. As a result, fundamental patterns of species distribution first observed and explained in the context of relatively monotonous slopes and abyssal plains must now be re-evaluated in the light of this newly recognized habitat heterogeneity. Based on a global database of nematode genus composition, collected as part of the Census of Marine Life, we show that macrohabitat heterogeneity contributes significantly to total deep-sea nematode diversity on a global scale. Different deep-sea settings harbour specific nematode assemblages. Some of them, like coral rubble zones or nodule areas, are very diverse habitats. Factors such as increased substrate complexity in the case of nodules and corals seem to facilitate the co-existence of a large number of genera with different modes of life, ranging from sediment dwelling to epifaunal. Furthermore, strong biochemical gradients in the case of vents or seeps are responsible for the success of particular genera, which are not prominent in more typical soft sediments. Many nematode deep-sea genera are cosmopolitan, inhabiting a variety of deep-sea habitats and oceans, whereas only 21% of all deep-sea genera recorded are restricted to a single habitat. In addition to habitat heterogeneity, regional differences are important in structuring nematode assemblages. For instance, seeps from different regions yield different genera that thrive on the sulphidic sediments. This study also shows that many areas and habitats remain highly under-sampled, affecting our ability to understand fully the contribution of habitat heterogeneity versus regional differences to global nematode diversity.10aBiodiversity10acensus of marine life10adeep sea10ahabitat heterogeneity10ameiofauna10anematode genera1 aVanreusel, Ann1 aFonseca, Gustavo1 aDanovaro, Roberto1 ada Silva, Maria, Cristina1 aEsteves, Andre, M.1 aFerrero, Tim1 aGad, Gunnar1 aGaltsova, Valentina1 aGambi, Cristina1 aGenevois, Veronica, da Fonseca1 aIngels, Jeroen1 aIngole, Baban1 aLampadariou, Nikolaos1 aMerckx, Bea1 aMiljutin, Dmitry1 aMiljutina, Maria1 aMuthumbi, Agnes1 aNetto, Sergio1 aPortnova, Daria1 aRadziejewska, Teresa1 aRaes, Maarten1 aTchesunov, Alexei1 aVanaverbeke, Jan1 aVan Gaever, Saskia1 aVenekey, Virag1 aBezerra, Tania, Nara1 aFlint, Hannah1 aCopley, John1 aPape, Ellen1 aZeppilli, Daniela1 aMartinez, Pedro, Arbizu1 aGaleron, Joelle  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/contribution-deep-sea-macrohabitat-heterogeneity-global-nematode-diversity02305nas a2200181   4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260006600218300001000284490000600294520155700300653002501857653002501882653003601907100002201943700002201965856013601987       2009                        eng d00aMeiofaunal diversity and assemblage structure in a shallow-water hydrothermal vent in the Pacific Ocean0 aMeiofaunal diversity and assemblage structure in a shallowwater   aNORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANYbINTER-RESEARCH  a75-840 v53 aDespite their ubiquitous distribution in tectonically active coastal zones, shallow-water vents have been much less explored than deep-sea vents in terms of biodiversity and adaptations to extreme conditions. We investigated the meiofaunal biodiversity and environmental variables at distances of 10, 100 and 200 cm from a shallow-water hydrothermal vent in the equatorial Pacific (Sulawesi, Indonesia). Meiofaunal abundance and the richness of higher taxa increased from the site of fluid-vent emission (where temperatures of the fluids and sediments reached approximately 90 degrees C) to the control sediments (200 cm from the vent, with no sign of effects from the vent fluids). Nematode species richness was also high in the intermediate station, where bottom sediment temperature reached 55 degrees C. These data suggest that some nematode species were able to survive in conditions typically hostile to metazoan life. Gas emissions also influenced the biochemical composition of the sediment organic matter in proximity to the vent and favoured the growth of a large photo- and/or chemo-autotrophic prokaryotic biomass. This biomass represented a potentially important. food source for predator/omnivore nematodes and influenced the trophic structure of benthic assemblages. Since the metazoan species found in proximity to the vent were a subset of those inhabiting control sediments, but were characterised by lower abundances, it might be hypothesized that the populations close to the vent are the result of colonization from adjacent areas.10aExtreme environments10aMeiofaunal diversity10aShallow-water hydrothermal vent1 aZeppilli, Daniela1 aDanovaro, Roberto  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/meiofaunal-diversity-and-assemblage-structure-shallow-water-hydrothermal-vent-pacific-ocean02699nas a2200253   4500008004100000245011300041210006900154260010100223300001200324490000700336520175000343653002302093653002202116653001402138653001402152653001902166653001402185100002202199700002002221700002202241700002302263700002202286856013702308       2009                        eng d00aOrganic matter composition, metazoan meiofauna and nematode biodiversity in Mediterranean deep-sea sediments0 aOrganic matter composition metazoan meiofauna and nematode biodi  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  a755-7620 v563 aTo identify the relationships between the abundance and biodiversity of deep-sea meiofauna and their food resources in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Mediterranean Sea), we have investigated the quantity and biochemical composition of sediment organic matter, the metazoan meiofauna abundance and biomass, and the nematode biodiversity at meso- (> 50 km) and/or local (< 1 km) scales. Sediment samples were collected at four deep-sea sites (from 3430 to 3581 m in depth), two of which were close to two seamounts. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences at both the meso- and local scales (i.e. between sites and between stations at each site), and showed that the variability at the mesoscale was much higher than that at the local scale. The values of all of the investigated variables were generally lowest in sediments surrounding the seamounts, suggesting a role for these submersed structures in the abundance of the metazoan meiofauna and their resources. The nematode assemblage composition changed significantly across the four sites. Among the 96 identified nematode species, 14 were exclusively seen in sediments around the two seamounts, and only three species were present at all sampling stations. Differences in the trophic structures of the nematode assemblages were also linked with differences in the biochemical composition of sediment organic matter. These results indicate that high beta-diversity in soft sediments around deep seamounts is associated with diversification of the benthic food webs, and suggest that while making the sediments poorer for food availability for benthic consumers, the presence of seamounts enhances the biodiversity in neighbouring sediments. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.10aDeep-sea sediments10aMediterranean Sea10ameiofauna10anematodes10aorganic matter10aSeamounts1 aPusceddu, Antonio1 aGambi, Cristina1 aZeppilli, Daniela1 aBianchelli, Silvia1 aDanovaro, Roberto  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/organic-matter-composition-metazoan-meiofauna-and-nematode-biodiversity-mediterranean-deep-s