00557nas a2200121   4500008004100000245013100041210006900172300001200241490000600253100001700259700002200276856013700298       2004                        eng d00aA new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa0 anew system for Nematoda combining morphological characters with   a633-6530 v21 aDe Ley, Paul1 aBlaxter, Mark, L.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/new-system-nematoda-combining-morphological-characters-molecular-trees-and-translating-clade02786nas a2200193   4500008004100000245016800041210006900209260008700278300001200365490000700377520194500384100001902329700001702348700002802365700002602393700002102419700001502440856013702455       2010                        eng d00aLinking DNA sequences to morphology: cryptic diversity and population genetic structure in the marine nematode Thoracostoma trachygaster (Nematoda, Leptosomatidae)0 aLinking DNA sequences to morphology cryptic diversity and popula  aCOMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USAbWILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  a276-2890 v393 aRecent taxonomic and population genetic studies have revealed the presence of substantial cryptic diversity through sequence analysis of nematode morphospecies classified in different major clades. Correct interpretations of intra- and interspecific genetic variation require certainty about the conspecificity of the sequenced specimens, which in turn must depend on appropriate protocols with built-in verifiability procedures. In this study, we performed a population genetic study in the free-living marine nematode Thoracostoma trachygaster, a member of one of the earliest major clades to diverge in nematode phylogeny. We collected 367 nematodes from 11 populations located in the Californian Bight, all of which were video captured before DNA extraction to document and verify their individual morphology. Sequences for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), D2D3 and 18S genes showed eight deeply divergent clades, and using a reverse taxonomy approach, six of these clades proved to be other morphospecies than T. trachygaster. Phylogenetic analyses of COI, internal transcribed spacer and D2D3 showed evidence for two sympatrically distributed cryptic species within the morphospecies T. trachygaster. Population genetic analyses of the most widespread cryptic species showed a moderate genetic structuring (Theta(ST) = 0.28), and 18% of this genetic variation was caused by differences between populations north and south of Point Conception. Within the southern Californian Bight, some genetic differentiation could be attributed to differences between populations north and south of Malibu, supporting the idea of a barrier to gene flow near Los Angeles region. The results for T. trachygaster support the contention that species diversity within free-living nematodes is underestimated, and that dispersal of marine nematodes from tidal environments associated with kelp holdfasts is substantial at scales of a few 100 km.1 aDerycke, Sofie1 aDe Ley, Paul1 aDe Ley, Irma, Tandingan1 aHolovachov, Oleksandr1 aRigaux, Annelien1 aMoens, Tom  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/linking-dna-sequences-morphology-cryptic-diversity-and-population-genetic-structure-marine-n00475nas a2200169   4500008004100000245002900041210002900070260003000099300001400129490000600143100001700149700002500166700001500191700001500206700001800221856006600239       2004                        eng d00aCultivation of Nematodes0 aCultivation of Nematodes  bTsinghua University Press  a541–6190 v11 aDe Ley, Paul1 aMundo-Ocampo, Manuel1 aChen, Z.X.1 aChen, S.Y.1 aDickson, D.W.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/cultivation-nematodes03474nas a2200469   4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260009000199300001200289490000700301520201200308653001602320653002302336653001602359653001202375653001402387653002602401653002102427653001302448653001402461653003202475653001502507653001602522653001302538653001602551653001302567100002602580700002502606700001702631700002802648700002902676700002602705700001402731700002102745700001502766700002002781700002402801700002202825700002102847700002502868856011102893       2007                        eng d00aAn improved molecular phylogeny of the Nematoda with special emphasis on marine taxa0 aimproved molecular phylogeny of the Nematoda with special emphas  a525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USAbACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  a622-6360 v423 aPhylogenetic reconstructions of relations within the phylum Nematoda are inherently difficult but have been advanced with the introduction of large-scale molecular-based techniques. However, the most recent revisions were heavily biased towards terrestrial and parasitic species and greater representation of clades containing marine species (e.g. Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Desmodorida, Desmoscolecida, Enoplida, and Monhysterida) is needed for accurate coverage of known taxonomic diversity. We now add small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences for 100 previously un-sequenced species of nematodes, including 46 marine taxa. SSU rDNA sequences for > 200 taxa have been analysed based on Bayesian inference and LogDet-transformed distances. The resulting phylogenies provide support for (i) the re-classification of the Secernentea as the order Rhabditida that derived from a common ancestor of chromadorean orders Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Desmodorida, Desmoscolecida, and Monhysterida and (ii) the position of Bunonema close to the Diplogasteroidea in the Rhabditina. Other, previously controversial relationships can now be resolved more clearly: (a) Alaimus, Campydora, and Trischistoma belong in the Enoplida, (b) Isolaimium is placed basally to a big clade containing the Axonolaimidae, Plectidae, and Rhabditida, (c) Xyzzors belongs in the Desmodoridae, (d) Comesomatidae and Cyartonema belongs in the Monhysterida, (e) Globodera belongs in the Hoplolaimidae and (0 Paratylenchus dianeae belongs in the Criconematoidea. However, the SSU gene did not provide significant support for the class Chromadoria or clear evidence for the relationship between the three classes, Enoplia, Dorylaimia, and Chromadoria. Furthermore, across the whole phylum, the phylogenetically informative characters of the SSU gene are not informative in a parsimony analysis, highlighting the short-comings of the parsimony method for large-scale phylogenetic modelling. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aAdenophorea10aBayesian inference10aChromadorea10aEnoplea10aevolution10aLogDet transformation10aMarine nematodes10aNematoda10aparsimony10aphylogenetic reconstruction10aRhabditida10aSecernentea10aSSU rDNA10asystematics10ataxonomy1 aMeldal, Birgit, H. M.1 aDebenham, Nicola, J.1 aDe Ley, Paul1 aDe Ley, Irma, Tandingan1 aVanfleteren, Jacques, R.1 aVierstraete, Andy, R.1 aBert, Wim1 aBorgonie, Gaetan1 aMoens, Tom1 aTyler, Paul, A.1 aAusten, Melanie, C.1 aBlaxter, Mark, L.1 aRogers, Alex, D.1 aLambshead, P., J. D.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/improved-molecular-phylogeny-nematoda-special-emphasis-marine-taxa02015nas a2200253   4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260009100215300001200306490000700318520110300325653002001428653002501448653001101473653001501484653001801499653000801517653001301525100002601538700002501564700002801589700001701617856012701634       2008                        eng d00aNematodes from the Gulf of California. Part 2. Ceramonema nasobema sp n. (Nematoda: Ceramonematidae)0 aNematodes from the Gulf of California Part 2 Ceramonema nasobema  aPLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDSbBRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS  a835-8440 v103 aAn unusual new ceramonematid, Ceramonema nasobema sp. n., is described using light and scanning electron microscopy. It is particularly characterised by the presence of a perioral tube projecting 5.5-7.0 mu m anterior to the lips, moderately long body (0.86-1.09 mm), relatively small number of body annules (121-134), weakly developed zygapophyses, absence of intracuticular vacuoles, pronounced sexual dimorphism in amphid shape with the male ventral amphidial branch extending as far posterior as the 55-80th annule (no extension in females), barrel-shaped stoma, sigmoid and anteriorly inclined vagina without sclerotisations, gubernaculum with dorsal apophyses and relatively uniform cloacal annules. The new species differs from all other known species of Ceramonema especially by the shape of the amphid in males, the strongly projecting perioral tube and the inclined, sigmoid, vagina. Additional data on morphology of Ceramonema algoensis (from Natal Bay, South Africa) are also provided as this species has the most prominent perioral tube among previously described members of the genus.10aBaja California10aCeramonema algoensis10aMexico10amorphology10amorphometrics10aSEM10ataxonomy1 aHolovachov, Oleksandr1 aMundo-Ocampo, Manuel1 aDe Ley, Irma, Tandingan1 aDe Ley, Paul  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/nematodes-gulf-california-part-2-ceramonema-nasobema-sp-n-nematoda-ceramonematidae02185nas a2200229   4500008004100000245005900041210005700100260006900157300001000226490000800236520142900244653001701673653001701690653002601707653002501733653002001758653002601778100001901804700002401823700001701847856009101864       2008                        eng d00aGlobal diversity of nematodes (Nematoda) in freshwater0 aGlobal diversity of nematodes Nematoda in freshwater  aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGER  a67-780 v5953 aDespite free-living nematodes being present in all types of limnetic habitats including unfavorable conditions that exclude many other meiobenthic invertebrates, they received less attention than marine and terrestrial forms. Two-fifths of the nematode families, one-fifth of the nearly 1800 genera and only 7% of the about 27,000 nominal species are recorded from freshwater habitats. The Dorylaimia are the most successful in freshwater habitats with nearly two-thirds of all known freshwater nematodes belonging to this subclass. Members of the subclass Enoplia are principally marine though include some exclusively freshwater taxa with extreme endemism. The subclass Chromadoria includes half of the freshwater nematode families and members of the Monhysterida and Plectida are among the most widely reported freshwater nematodes. Studies on freshwater nematodes show extreme regional bias; those from the southern hemisphere are extremely underrepresented, especially compared to European freshwater bodies. The majority of records are from a single biogeographic region. Discussion on nematode endemism is largely premature since apart from Lake Baikal, the nematofauna of ancient lakes as centers of speciation is limited and recent discoveries show high nematode abundance and diversity in cryptic freshwater bodies, underground calcrete formations and stromatolite pools potentially with a high number of new taxa.10aBiodiversity10adistribution10afree-living nematodes10afreshwater nematodes10aGlobal estimate10anematode biogeography1 aAbebe, Eyualem1 aDecraemer, Wilfrida1 aDe Ley, Paul  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/global-diversity-nematodes-nematoda-freshwater