01890nas a2200217   4500008004100000245013100041210006900172260009100241300000900332490000700341520104500348653002201393653002001415653001501435653001801450653001701468100001901485700001501504700001601519856013701535       2008                        eng d00aPalaeonema phyticum gen. n., sp n. (Nematoda : Palaeonematidae fam. n.), a Devonian nematode associated with early land plants0 aPalaeonema phyticum gen n sp n Nematoda Palaeonematidae fam n a   aPLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDSbBRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS  a9-140 v103 aNematodes are one of the most abundant groups of invertebrates on the face of the earth. Their extremely poor fossil record hinders our ability to assess just when members of this group invaded land and first became associated with plants. This study reports fossil nematodes from the stomatal chambers of the Early Devonian (396 mya) land plant, Aglaophyton major. These nematodes, which are tentatively assigned to the order Enoplia, are described as Palaeonema phyticum gen. n., sp. n. in the new family Palaeonematidae fam. n. Diagnostic characters of the family are: i) cuticular striations; ii) uniform, cylindrical pharynx with the terminal portion only slightly set off from the remainder; and iii) a two-portioned buccal cavity with the upper portion bearing protuberances. The presence of eggs, juveniles and adults in family clusters within the plant tissues provide the earliest evidence of an association between terrestrial plants and animals and may represent an early stage in the evolution of plant parasitism by nematodes.10aAglaophyton major10afossil nematode10amorphology10amorphometrics10aRhynie chert1 aPoinar, George1 aKerp, Hans1 aHass, Hagen  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/palaeonema-phyticum-gen-n-sp-n-nematoda-palaeonematidae-fam-n-devonian-nematode-associated-e01774nas a2200265   4500008004100000245015000041210006900191260009100260300001200351490000700363520079600370653001601166653001501182653001801197653001401215653001601229653001401245653000801259653001301267100003401280700001401314700002401328700001901352856013701371       2009                        eng d00aBernardius lineatus gen. n., sp n. (Enoplida: Enchelidiidae), a remarkable nematode with ornamented cuticle from a Brazilian tropical sandy beach0 aBernardius lineatus gen n sp n Enoplida Enchelidiidae a remarkab  aPLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDSbBRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS  a275-2870 v113 aBernardius lineatus gen. n., sp. n. is described from a sandy beach at Tamandare Bay, Brazil. It possesses the main characteristics of the family Enchelidiidae (Nematoda: Enoplida), but is unique by the presence of a body cuticle ornamented with longitudinal ridges formed by small rods, an entirely different character to all other members of the order Enoplida. The new genus is also characterised by a long, subdivided, buccal cavity with two subventral teeth and numerous denticles and the arrangement of the anterior sensilla in two crowns, the anterior crown being papilliform and the posterior crown consisting of six external labial and four cephalic sensilla, setiform. The relationships of the genera within the Enchelidiidae are discussed and an emended family diagnosis provided.10adescription10amorphology10amorphometrics10anew genus10anew species10aphylogeny10aSEM10ataxonomy1 ada Fonseca-Genevois, Veronica1 aSmol, Nic1 aDecraemer, Wilfrida1 aVenekey, Virag  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/bernardius-lineatus-gen-n-sp-n-enoplida-enchelidiidae-remarkable-nematode-ornamented-cuticle02015nas a2200253   4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260009100215300001200306490000700318520110300325653002001428653002501448653001101473653001501484653001801499653000801517653001301525100002601538700002501564700002801589700001701617856012701634       2008                        eng d00aNematodes from the Gulf of California. Part 2. Ceramonema nasobema sp n. (Nematoda: Ceramonematidae)0 aNematodes from the Gulf of California Part 2 Ceramonema nasobema  aPLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDSbBRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS  a835-8440 v103 aAn unusual new ceramonematid, Ceramonema nasobema sp. n., is described using light and scanning electron microscopy. It is particularly characterised by the presence of a perioral tube projecting 5.5-7.0 mu m anterior to the lips, moderately long body (0.86-1.09 mm), relatively small number of body annules (121-134), weakly developed zygapophyses, absence of intracuticular vacuoles, pronounced sexual dimorphism in amphid shape with the male ventral amphidial branch extending as far posterior as the 55-80th annule (no extension in females), barrel-shaped stoma, sigmoid and anteriorly inclined vagina without sclerotisations, gubernaculum with dorsal apophyses and relatively uniform cloacal annules. The new species differs from all other known species of Ceramonema especially by the shape of the amphid in males, the strongly projecting perioral tube and the inclined, sigmoid, vagina. Additional data on morphology of Ceramonema algoensis (from Natal Bay, South Africa) are also provided as this species has the most prominent perioral tube among previously described members of the genus.10aBaja California10aCeramonema algoensis10aMexico10amorphology10amorphometrics10aSEM10ataxonomy1 aHolovachov, Oleksandr1 aMundo-Ocampo, Manuel1 aDe Ley, Irma, Tandingan1 aDe Ley, Paul  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/nematodes-gulf-california-part-2-ceramonema-nasobema-sp-n-nematoda-ceramonematidae02434nas a2200217   4500008004100000245016400041210006900205260009100274300001000365490000700375520156000382653002701942653001901969653000801988653001501996653001802011653000902029100001802038700002302056856013702079       2008                        eng d00aMorphological and molecular characterisation of two putative Xiphinema americanum-group species, X-parasimile and X-simile (Nematoda : Dorylaimida) from Serbia0 aMorphological and molecular characterisation of two putative Xip  aPLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDSbBRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS  a15-250 v103 aProblems associated with the taxonomic status of Xiphinema porasimile and X. simile are reviewed. Their accurate identification is difficult due to their high morphological and morphometrical similarity. A comparative morphological and molecular study of these species was done to define their specific status and differences. Lip region morphology showed less variability in comparison with tail shape in both species, which was more variable in X. simile. Differences in lip region were constant between these species, but specimens with similar tail shape rarely occurred. Both species showed considerable overlap in all morphometrical data and a polytomous key is inadequate for their practical identification. In practice, the most reliable approach for accurate determination of X. parasimile and X. simile is the use of a combination of morphometrics with morphology of lip and vulval regions and tail shape. Total DNA was isolated from individual nematodes of both species and the ITS region of the 18S and 26S rDNA and D1-D2 expansion segments of the 26S rDNA were amplified and cloned. The ITS-RFLP patterns clearly revealed X. simile and X. parasimile to be distinct species. The restriction profiles of the D1-D2 amplicons also discriminated these species. D1-D2 sequences revealed no intrapopulation variability and their comparison showed 89% of similarity to each other. These data show that both ribosomal regions are useful to differentiate X. parasimile and X. simile as two distinct species despite similar morphology and morphometrics.10aD1-D2 expansion domain10aDNA sequencing10aITS10amorphology10amorphometrics10aRFLP1 aBarsi, Laszlo1 aDe Luca, Francesca  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/morphological-and-molecular-characterisation-two-putative-xiphinema-americanum-group-species