02574nas a2200289   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260009100217300001200308490000700320520153900327653002501866653001801891653001401909653002301923653001401946100002101960700002401981700002302005700002002028700001802048700001702066700002602083700001702109700002102126856013702147       2009                        eng d00aA phylogenetic tree of nematodes based on about 1200 full-length small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences0 aphylogenetic tree of nematodes based on about 1200 fulllength sm  aPLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDSbBRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS  a927-S270 v113 aAs a result of the scarcity of informative morphological and anatomical characters, nematode systematics have always been volatile. Differences in the appreciation of these characters have resulted in numerous classifications and this greatly confuses scientific communication. An advantage of the use of molecular data is that it allows for an enormous expansion of the number of characters. Here we present a phylogenetic tree based on 1215 small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences (ca 1700 bp each) covering a wide range of nematode taxa. Of the 19 nematode orders mentioned by De Ley et al. (2006) 15 are represented here. Compared with Holterman et al. (2006) the number of taxa analysed has been tripled. This did not result in major changes in the clade subdivision of the phylum, although a decrease in the number of well supported nodes was observed. Especially at the family level and below we observed a considerable congruence between morphology and ribosomal DNA-based nematode systematics and, in case of discrepancies, morphological or anatomical support could be found for the alternative grouping in most instances. The extensiveness of convergent evolution is one of the most striking phenomena observed in the phylogenetic tree presented here - it is hard to find a morphological, ecological or biological characteristic that has not arisen at least twice during nematode evolution. Convergent evolution appears to be an important additional explanation for the seemingly persistent volatility of nematode systematics.10aconvergent evolution10aDNA barcoding10amolecular10anematode evolution10aphylogeny1 avan Megen, Hanny1 avan den Elsen, Sven1 aHolterman, Martijn1 aKarssen, Gerrit1 aMooyman, Paul1 aBongers, Tom1 aHolovachov, Oleksandr1 aBakker, Jaap1 aHelder, Johannes  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/phylogenetic-tree-nematodes-based-about-1200-full-length-small-subunit-ribosomal-dna-sequenc03345nas a2200193   4500008004100000245013100041210006900172260010800241490000600349520250300355100002402858700002102882700002602903700002102929700002002950700002402970700002002994856013703014       2009                        eng d00aMolecular evolution in Panagrolaimus nematodes: origins of parthenogenesis, hermaphroditism and the Antarctic species P-davidi0 aMolecular evolution in Panagrolaimus nematodes origins of parthe  aCURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLANDbBIOMED CENTRAL LTD0 v93 aBackground: As exemplified by the famously successful model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, nematodes offer outstanding animal systems for investigating diverse biological phenomena due to their small genome sizes, short generation times and ease of laboratory maintenance. Nematodes in the genus Panagrolaimus have served in comparative development and anhydrobiosis studies, and the Antarctic species P. davidi offers a powerful paradigm for understanding the biological mechanisms of extreme cold tolerance. Panagrolaimus nematodes are also unique in that examples of gonochoristic, hermaphroditic and parthenogenetic reproductive modes have been reported for members of this genus. The evolutionary origins of these varying reproductive modes and the Antarctic species P. davidi, however, remain enigmatic. Results: We collected nuclear ribosomal RNA gene and mitochondrial protein-coding gene sequences from diverse Panagrolaimus species and strains, including newly discovered isolates from Oregon, to investigate phylogenetic relationships in this nematode genus. Nuclear phylogenies showed that the species and strains historically identified as members of Panagrolaimus constitute a paraphyletic group, suggesting that taxonomic revision is required for Panagrolaimus and related nematode lineages. Strain-specific reproductive modes were mapped onto the molecular phylogeny to show a single origin of parthenogenesis from a presumably gonochoristic ancestor. The hermaphroditic strains were all placed outside a major monophyletic clade that contained the majority of other Panagrolaimus nematodes. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial sequences showed that substantial molecular and geographic diversity exists within the clade of parthenogenetic strains. The Antarctic species P. davidi was found to be very closely related to two Panagrolaimus strains from southern California. Phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses suggested that P. davidi and the California strain PS1579 shared a common ancestor in the very recent evolutionary past. Conclusion: Our study provides a phylogenetic framework for understanding the evolutionary origins and diversification patterns of varying reproductive modes within Panagrolaimus and important insights into the origin of the Antarctic species P. davidi. Panagrolaimus offers a powerful nematode model for understanding diverse evolutionary phenomena including the evolution of asexuality and the adaptive evolution of extreme cold tolerance.1 aLewis, Samantha, C.1 aDyal, Leslie, A.1 aHilburn, Caroline, F.1 aWeitz, Stephanie1 aLiau, Wei-Siang1 aLaMunyon, Craig, W.1 aDenver, Dee, R.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/molecular-evolution-panagrolaimus-nematodes-origins-parthenogenesis-hermaphroditism-and-anta02396nas a2200169   4500008004100000022004800041245014100089210006900230260007300299300001400372490000700386520163700393100001502030700001802045700002602063856013702089       2009                        eng d  a1696-3547 (Electronic); 0214-6282 (Linking)00aDifferences in embryonic pattern formation between Caenorhabditis elegans and its close parthenogenetic relative Diploscapter coronatus.0 aDifferences in embryonic pattern formation between Caenorhabditi  aZoological Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Germany.  a507–5150 v533 aIn order to evaluate the evolutionary preservation of developmental programs during nematode embryogenesis, we searched for close relatives of the model system Caenorhabditis elegans with deviant patterns. The parthenogenetically reproducing species Diploscapter coronatus shows prominent differences to C. elegans. While in the 2-cell stage of C. elegans a rotation of the nuclear/centrosome complex is found only in the posterior P1 cell, in D. coronatus cell isolation indicates that rotation takes place in a cell-autonomous manner in both blastomeres, resulting in a linear 4-cell array. In C. elegans, the ABp cell becomes different from its ABa sister via a germline-induced induction. In D. coronatus, AB daughters do not touch the germline but nevertheless execute different fates, suggesting a cell-autonomous mechanism or signaling over distance. Laser ablation experiments revealed that active migration of the EMS cell is required to transform the linearly ordered blastomeres into a 3-dimensional embryo, and the difference can be most easily explained with a heterochronic shift with respect to cell mobility. In D. coronatus, reversal of cleavage polarity in the germline, typical for C. elegans, is absent. This results in four different transient variants of posterior blastomeres which eventually merge into a single pattern prior to the onset of gastrulation. This merging includes primordial germ cell migrations of variable extent toward the gut precursor cell and suggests a specific cell-cell recognition mechanism. Cell distribution in advanced embryos is essentially indistinguishable between both species.1 aLahl, Vera1 aSchulze, Jens1 aSchierenberg, Einhard  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/differences-embryonic-pattern-formation-between-caenorhabditis-elegans-and-its-close-parthen00506nas a2200121   4500008004100000245009500041210006900136300001200205490000700217100001700224700002200241856012100263       2009                        eng d00aHelminths of the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) in Bayou Traverse, Louisiana, USA0 aHelminths of the western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis in Bayou   a210-2210 v761 aBrock, Sarah1 aFont, William, F.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/helminths-western-mosquitofish-gambusia-affinis-bayou-traverse-louisiana-usa01761nas a2200193   4500008004100000022004800041245014800089210006900237260007600306300001600382490000700398520091300405100001901318700002301337700002601360700002101386700002301407856013701430       2009                        eng d  a1476-1645 (Electronic); 0002-9637 (Linking)00aLoa loa microfilarial periodicity in ivermectin-treated patients: comparison between those developing and those free of serious adverse events.0 aLoa loa microfilarial periodicity in ivermectintreated patients   aFilariasis Research Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon. jkamgno{\char64}yahoo.fr  a1056–10610 v813 aThe main risk factor of post-ivermectin serious adverse events (SAEs) is the presence of a high Loa loa microfilaremia. However, the majority of patients with such high loads do not develop SAEs, suggesting that co-factors may be involved. An infection with simian Loa parasites, whose microfilariae show a nocturnal periodicity, might be such a co-factor. The periodicity of Loa microfilariae was compared, using cosinor methodology, in 4 patients who had developed a post-ivermectin neurologic SAE, 4 patients who had experienced a non-neurologic SAE, and 14 control individuals. The periodicity was similar in all three groups, with a peak of microfilaremia occurring between 12:30 and 2:00 PM. The results of this study, which for the first time characterizes the periodicity of Loa microfilariae mathematically, suggest that post-ivermectin SAEs are not related to an infection with a Loa simian strain.1 aKamgno, Joseph1 aPion, Sebastien, D1 aMackenzie, Charles, D1 aThylefors, Bjorn1 aBoussinesq, Michel  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/loa-loa-microfilarial-periodicity-ivermectin-treated-patients-comparison-between-those-devel02433nas a2200241   4500008004100000245012500041210006900166260005200235300001200287490000700299520157400306653001101880653001701891653001501908653001601923653001401939653001001953100002701963700002201990700001902012700002302031856013702054       2009                        eng d00aMeiofaunal (re)colonization of the Arctic intertidal (Hornsund, Spitsbergen) after ice melting: role of wrack deposition0 aMeiofaunal recolonization of the Arctic intertidal Hornsund Spit  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGER  a243-2520 v323 aIntertidal meiobenthos of Hornsund-the southernmost fjord of Spitsbergen-was investigated between July and September 2005. Mean total meiofaunal densities ranged between 4.3 and 328 ind. 10 cm(-2). Nematode assemblages were impoverished in terms of the number of genera when compared with those from the western Spitsbergen coast (11 vs. 25-28 genera in total, respectively). It is suggested that severe environmental conditions in the southern part of Spitsbergen overcome the adaptation skills of many nematode species and hamper the establishment of a diverse community. Comparatively high nematode numbers on a beach subject to heavy macroalgal wrack input contrast sharply with numerically poor communities in sparse-wrack beaches (up to 315 vs. 31 ind. 10 cm(-2), respectively). It is suggested that the wrack input to the Arctic beach may substantially influence the richness and composition of the intertidal meiobenthic community. Nematode assemblages were dominated by extreme colonizers: Geomonhystera disjuncta and rhabditids. Their relatively high densities in beach sediments recorded at the beginning of July indicate their ability to recover rapidly after the winter period and to effective (re)colonization of the intertidal habitat just after the ice melt. Average concentration of rhabditids and monhysterids associated with macroalgal wrack deposited on the upper shore was as high as 52 x 10(3) individuals per gram of the substrate. It is hypothesized that nematodes can play a substantial role in the wrack decomposition in the Arctic intertidal.10aArctic10aColonization10aIntertidal10aMeiobenthos10anematodes10aWrack1 aUrban-Malinga, Barbara1 aDrgas, Aleksander1 aAmeryk, Anetta1 aTatarek, Agnieszka  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/meiofaunal-recolonization-arctic-intertidal-hornsund-spitsbergen-after-ice-melting-role-wrac02745nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260006800211300001200279490000700291520192200298653001602220653001402236653001202250653002802262653002102290653001202311100001902323700001902342700001902361856013502380       2009                        eng d00aEffects of cover crop quality and quantity on nematode-based soil food webs and nutrient cycling0 aEffects of cover crop quality and quantity on nematodebased soil  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  a157-1670 v413 aSoil food webs cycle nutrients and regulate parasites and pathogens, services essential for both agricultural productivity and ecosystem health. Nematodes provide useful indicators of soil food web dynamics. This study was conducted to determine if nematode soil food web indicators and crop yield can be enhanced by combinations of cover crops in a conservation tillage system. The effects of three cover crop treatments (vetch/pea, oat/wheat and oat/wheat/pea/vetch) with low, medium and high C:N and a bare fallow control were investigated in Davis, CA. Nematode fauna, Soil Properties and plant productivity were measured. Soil food web indices, including the Enrichment index (EI), Structure Index (SI), Basal Index (BI), and Channel Index (CI), based on the composition of nematode assemblages, were calculated to infer soil food web condition. Cover cropped tomato/corn rotations had twice the number of enrichment opportunist bacterial feeding nematodes, active participants in nitrogen mineralization, than fallowed tomato/corn rotations (opportunist bacterial feeders = 163 versus 98). In winter fallowed plots food webs were basal, common in disturbed, nutrient-poor conditions (BI = 37). Total number of enrichment opportunist nematodes, soil NH4-N levels, and inferred nitrogen mineralization, were higher in cover crop treatments with low to mid C:N ratios. Omnivore and predator nematodes were scarce, averaging less than 6 nematodes 100 g(-1) in all treatments. in year one, plant productivity was highest after fallow. In contrast, in year two productivity was highest after cover crops with high nitrogen content and productivity significantly correlated with the structure of the soil fauna. Monitoring the abundance of enrichment opportunists may provide managers with a new tool to evaluate soil food web nitrogen mineralization and plant productivity. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10aCover crops10aFood webs10aLegumes10aNitrogen mineralization10aNutrient cycling10aOrganic1 aDuPont, Tianna1 aFerris, Howard1 aVan Horn, Mark  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/effects-cover-crop-quality-and-quantity-nematode-based-soil-food-webs-and-nutrient-cycling02451nas a2200181   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260005200214300001200266490000800278520174800286100002102034700002002055700002302075700001902098700001902117856013302136       2009                        eng d00aThe impact of seabed disturbance on nematode communities: linking field and laboratory observations0 aimpact of seabed disturbance on nematode communities linking fie  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGER  a709-7240 v1563 aPhysical disturbance is a key factor in controlling the spatial and temporal composition of shallow-water benthic communities. Like shallow waters, deeper waters are increasingly subject to a range of anthropogenic disturbances, which can lead to significant alterations in sedimentation patterns. These alterations often exceed naturally occurring changes. We used a combined analysis of six independent data sets arising from large-scale field surveys and small-scale laboratory experiments to investigate the effects of seabed disturbance on nematode communities. Disturbance response was documented as a function of disturbance type (coastal development, dredged material disposal, bottom trawling, glacial fjord) and intensity (low, medium, high). Natural and man-induced seabed disturbance exerted differential effects on exposed populations, generating changes in the taxonomic (genus) and functional (feeding type) attributes of their assemblages. The genus composition of nematode assemblages from geographically separate seas converged with increased level of various types of man-made disturbance. Assemblages present along a gradient of natural disturbance in a glacial fjord followed an opposite response vector, suggesting that community changes induced by anthropogenic activities, or experimental treatments simulating the principal impacts of these, inherently differ from disturbance of natural origin. Changes in trophic diversity and structure were primarily driven by factors confounded with physical disturbance, such as metal contamination. Coupling the results of analyses at multiple scales proved a useful means of providing deeper insights into the general response of ecological communities to environmental change.1 aSchratzberger, M1 aLampadariou, N.1 aSomerfield, P., J.1 aVandepitte, L.1 aBerghe, Vanden  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/impact-seabed-disturbance-nematode-communities-linking-field-and-laboratory-observations02184nas a2200217   4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260008100225300001200306490000700318520134100325653002401666653002401690653002601714653001401740653003101754100001201785700001801797700001401815856013701829       2009                        eng d00aEnvironmental factors affecting nematode community structure in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters0 aEnvironmental factors affecting nematode community structure in   a32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USAbCAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS  a109-1170 v893 aThis paper describes the major features of nematode assemblages collected at 18 stations in the Changiiang River estuary and its adjacent waters and identifies dominant species within communities in relation to environmental parameters. Meiofauna from the Changiiang Estuary and its adjacent waters comprised 21 major taxa of higher categories. Subsamples of nematodes were extracted and identified to the species level. In general, the nematode community structure was similar to that of muddy sub-littoral areas world-wide. The most abundant genera were Daptonema, Cobbia, Sabatieria, Dorylaimopsis and Terschellingia, accounting for 50.0%. The studied area exhibited high nematode abundance and high species biodiversity. Measurements of environmental factors were made, including grain size, salinity, temperature, sediment organic matter content, Chl-a and Phaeo-a. Different combinations of environmental variables are responsible for the meiofauna and nematode communities' structures. However, BIOENV results indicate that water depth, salinity, Chl-a, Phaeo-a and silt-clay content were more closely linked to variation in meiofauna (mainly nematode) community structure in the studied area. Among these, water depth, salinity, Chl-a and Phaeo-a were most responsible for nematode assemblage discrimination in the studied area.10aChiangjiang Estuary10acommunity structure10aenvironmental factors10anematodes10aPeople's Republic of China1 aHua, E.1 aZhang, Z., N.1 aZhang, Y.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/environmental-factors-affecting-nematode-community-structure-changjiang-estuary-and-its-adja02305nas a2200181   4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260006600218300001000284490000600294520155700300653002501857653002501882653003601907100002201943700002201965856013601987       2009                        eng d00aMeiofaunal diversity and assemblage structure in a shallow-water hydrothermal vent in the Pacific Ocean0 aMeiofaunal diversity and assemblage structure in a shallowwater   aNORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANYbINTER-RESEARCH  a75-840 v53 aDespite their ubiquitous distribution in tectonically active coastal zones, shallow-water vents have been much less explored than deep-sea vents in terms of biodiversity and adaptations to extreme conditions. We investigated the meiofaunal biodiversity and environmental variables at distances of 10, 100 and 200 cm from a shallow-water hydrothermal vent in the equatorial Pacific (Sulawesi, Indonesia). Meiofaunal abundance and the richness of higher taxa increased from the site of fluid-vent emission (where temperatures of the fluids and sediments reached approximately 90 degrees C) to the control sediments (200 cm from the vent, with no sign of effects from the vent fluids). Nematode species richness was also high in the intermediate station, where bottom sediment temperature reached 55 degrees C. These data suggest that some nematode species were able to survive in conditions typically hostile to metazoan life. Gas emissions also influenced the biochemical composition of the sediment organic matter in proximity to the vent and favoured the growth of a large photo- and/or chemo-autotrophic prokaryotic biomass. This biomass represented a potentially important. food source for predator/omnivore nematodes and influenced the trophic structure of benthic assemblages. Since the metazoan species found in proximity to the vent were a subset of those inhabiting control sediments, but were characterised by lower abundances, it might be hypothesized that the populations close to the vent are the result of colonization from adjacent areas.10aExtreme environments10aMeiofaunal diversity10aShallow-water hydrothermal vent1 aZeppilli, Daniela1 aDanovaro, Roberto  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/meiofaunal-diversity-and-assemblage-structure-shallow-water-hydrothermal-vent-pacific-ocean01808nas a2200181   4500008004100000245011800041210006900159260005200228300001200280490000700292520111600299100001401415700001701429700001501446700001401461700001401475856013701489       2009                        eng d00aResponses of a Free-Living Marine Nematode Community to Mercury Contamination: Results from Microcosm Experiments0 aResponses of a FreeLiving Marine Nematode Community to Mercury C  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGER  a426-4330 v563 aA microcosm experiment was used to examine the effects of mercury contamination on a free-living nematode community in a Tunisian lagoon. Sediments were contaminated with three mercury concentrations (low, 0.084 ppm; medium, 0.167 ppm; and high, 0.334 ppm), and effects were examined after 60 days. Results from multiple-comparison tests showed significant differences between nematode assemblages from undisturbed control and those from mercury treatments. Most univariate measures decreased significantly with increasing level of Hg contamination. Results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data demonstrated that responses of nematode species to mercury contamination were varied: Araeolaimus bioculatus was eliminated at all the mercury doses tested and seemed to be an intolerant species to mercury contamination; Marylynnia stekhoveni increased at low and medium concentrations and appeared to be an "opportunistic" species at these doses, whereas Prochromadorella neapolitana, which increased at all doses tested (0.084, 0.167, and 0.334 ppm), seemed to be a "mercury-resistant" species.1 aHermi, M.1 aMahmoudi, E.1 aBeyrem, H.1 aAissa, P.1 aEssid, N.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/responses-free-living-marine-nematode-community-mercury-contamination-results-microcosm-expe03290nas a2200241   4500008004100000245014000041210006900181260008400250300001200334490000700346520232800353653002602681653002302707653001402730653003402744653003702778100001702815700001902832700002002851700002102871700001902892856013702911       2009                        eng d00aSpatial and seasonal variations in the ecological characteristics of the free-living nematode assemblages in a large microtidal estuary0 aSpatial and seasonal variations in the ecological characteristic  a24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLANDbACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  a309-3220 v823 aThis study has determined the ways in which the density, number of species, species composition and trophic structure of free-living nematode assemblages in the subtidal waters of a large southern hemisphere microtidal estuary change spatially and seasonally, and has explored whether those four biotic characteristics are related to certain environmental factors. Based on data derived from samples collected seasonally at 12 sites throughout the estuary, the densities and number of species of nematodes decreased progressively with distance from estuary mouth, to reach a minimum at sites where salinities were most variable. and then increased slightly in the uppermost part of the estuary where salinities were least. Densities were also generally greatest in spring, due largely to increases in the abundance of epistrate-grazing species at this time and thus when the amount of primary food (microphytobenthos) peaked. The spatial distribution of the composition of the nematode assemblages was closely correlated with salinity and, to a lesser extent, grain-size composition and amount of particulate organic material (%POM) in the sediment. Although species composition changed sequentially along the estuary, the change was particularly pronounced between sites above and below the area where salinities started to decline markedly and become more variable and %POM increased markedly. This reflected, in particular, far greater abundances of Spirinia parasitifera at the six downstream sites and of Theristus sp. 1 at the six sites further upstream. Species composition underwent pronounced seasonal cyclical changes at all sites, presumably reflecting interspecific differences in the timing of peak reproduction and thus of recruitment. The trophic structure of the nematode assemblages changed both spatially and temporally in relation to the relative abundance of different food sources. Thus, for example, non-selective deposit feeders, such as Theristus sp. 1, dominated samples in the upper estuary, where %POM was by far the greatest, and was rare or absent at downstream sites. Conversely, epistrate grazers, such as species of the Chromadoridae, were most abundant at downstream sites in spring, when the density of the microphytobenthos reached its maximum. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.10aenvironmental factors10amicrotidal estuary10anematodes10anumber of species and density10aspecies and trophic compositions1 aHourston, M.1 aPotter, I., C.1 aWarwick, R., M.1 aValesini, F., J.1 aClarke, K., R.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/spatial-and-seasonal-variations-ecological-characteristics-free-living-nematode-assemblages-02634nas a2200301   4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260006600211300001000277490000800287520163000295653001701925653001901942653001501961653001401976653001801990653002402008100001902032700002202051700002002073700002002093700001602113700001502129700001602144700001902160700001802179856013502197       2009                        eng d00aEffects of CO2 induced seawater acidification on infaunal diversity and sediment nutrient fluxes0 aEffects of CO2 induced seawater acidification on infaunal divers  aNORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANYbINTER-RESEARCH  a59-750 v3793 aA mesocosm experiment was conducted to quantify the effects of short- (2 wk) and long-term (20 wk) exposure to acidified seawater on the structure and diversity of macrofaunal and nematode assemblages in 2 different sediment. types. The impact of acidified seawater on sediment nutrient fluxes was also determined. Using carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, seawater was acidified to pH 7.3 (mimicking ocean acidification), 6.5 or 5.6 (mimicking leakage from a sub-seabed CO2 store site). Control treatments were maintained in natural seawater [pH approximate to 8.0). Exposure to acidified seawater significantly altered community structure and reduced diversity for both macrofaunal and nematode assemblages, However, the impact on nematodes was less severe than that on macrofauna. While the communities in both sediment types were significantly affected by changes in seawater pH, impacts on sandy sediment fauna were greater than those on muddy sediment fauna. Sandy sediments also showed the greatest effects with respect to nutrient fluxes. In sand, the efflux of nitrite, nitrate and silicate decreased in response to increased acidification while the efflux of ammonium increased, In mud, acidification increased the efflux of ammonium but had no effect on the other nutrients. We conclude that both leakage from carbon storage and ocean acidification could cause significant changes in the structure and diversity of coastal sediment communities. Lowered seawater pH could also affect nutrient cycling directly by altering bacterial communities and indirectly through impacts on the abundance and activity of key bioturbators.10aBiodiversity10aCarbon storage10aMacrofauna10ameiofauna10aNutrient flux10aOcean acidification1 aWiddicombe, S.1 aDashfield, S., L.1 aMcNeill, C., L.1 aNeedham, H., R.1 aBeesley, A.1 aMcEvoy, A.1 aOxnevad, S.1 aClarke, K., R.1 aBerge, J., A.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/effects-co2-induced-seawater-acidification-infaunal-diversity-and-sediment-nutrient-fluxes02699nas a2200253   4500008004100000245011300041210006900154260010100223300001200324490000700336520175000343653002302093653002202116653001402138653001402152653001902166653001402185100002202199700002002221700002202241700002302263700002202286856013702308       2009                        eng d00aOrganic matter composition, metazoan meiofauna and nematode biodiversity in Mediterranean deep-sea sediments0 aOrganic matter composition metazoan meiofauna and nematode biodi  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  a755-7620 v563 aTo identify the relationships between the abundance and biodiversity of deep-sea meiofauna and their food resources in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Mediterranean Sea), we have investigated the quantity and biochemical composition of sediment organic matter, the metazoan meiofauna abundance and biomass, and the nematode biodiversity at meso- (> 50 km) and/or local (< 1 km) scales. Sediment samples were collected at four deep-sea sites (from 3430 to 3581 m in depth), two of which were close to two seamounts. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences at both the meso- and local scales (i.e. between sites and between stations at each site), and showed that the variability at the mesoscale was much higher than that at the local scale. The values of all of the investigated variables were generally lowest in sediments surrounding the seamounts, suggesting a role for these submersed structures in the abundance of the metazoan meiofauna and their resources. The nematode assemblage composition changed significantly across the four sites. Among the 96 identified nematode species, 14 were exclusively seen in sediments around the two seamounts, and only three species were present at all sampling stations. Differences in the trophic structures of the nematode assemblages were also linked with differences in the biochemical composition of sediment organic matter. These results indicate that high beta-diversity in soft sediments around deep seamounts is associated with diversification of the benthic food webs, and suggest that while making the sediments poorer for food availability for benthic consumers, the presence of seamounts enhances the biodiversity in neighbouring sediments. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.10aDeep-sea sediments10aMediterranean Sea10ameiofauna10anematodes10aorganic matter10aSeamounts1 aPusceddu, Antonio1 aGambi, Cristina1 aZeppilli, Daniela1 aBianchelli, Silvia1 aDanovaro, Roberto  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/organic-matter-composition-metazoan-meiofauna-and-nematode-biodiversity-mediterranean-deep-s02205nas a2200253   4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260005200225300001400277490000700291520130800298653001701606653001701623653001401640653001301654653002101667653002201688653001901710100002201729700002101751700001701772700002501789856013701814       2009                        eng d00aYermak Plateau revisited: spatial and temporal patterns of meiofaunal assemblages under permanent ice-coverage0 aYermak Plateau revisited spatial and temporal patterns of meiofa  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGER  a1159-11760 v323 aBenthic sampling between 1997 and 2006 on the Yermak Plateau, a permanently ice-covered submarine peninsula northwest of Svalbard, exhibited regional differences with generally higher meiofauna numbers in southern and western parts (similar to 2,250-2,300 ind. 10 cm(-2) in the south-west, compared with similar to similar to 1,200-1,350 ind. 10 cm(-2) in the north-east). Distribution patterns suggest a current-driven lateral input of POM, produced in the high-productive Marginal Ice Zone, with increased intensity along the western slope of the plateau. Significant correlations between comparably 'fresh' sediment-bound phytodetritus and the taxonomic composition of meiofauna assemblages indicate that food quality decisively affects the community structure. The long-term development of meiobenthic communities showed no clear trend; however, a comparison of summer and winter data exhibited higher meiofauna densities and a more diverse composition in July samples. The predominance of small nematodes in the summer samples might point to reproductive activities stimulated by increased food availability. The taxonomic composition of nematode assemblages showed distinct regional differences, thereby indicating more stable environmental conditions in north-eastern parts of the Yermak Plateau.10aArctic Ocean10aForaminifera10ameiofauna10aNematoda10aSpatial patterns10aTemporal patterns10aYermak Plateau1 aSoltwedel, Thomas1 aMokievsky, Vadim1 aSchewe, Ingo1 aHasemann, Christiane  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/yermak-plateau-revisited-spatial-and-temporal-patterns-meiofaunal-assemblages-under-permanen02423nas a2200265   4500008004100000245014800041210006900189260010100258300001400359490000700373520140100380653001301781653001401794653001601808653001101824653001401835653003101849653002201880653002701902100001901929700003101948700002201979700001902001856013702020       2009                        eng d00aNematode diversity and its relation to the quantity and quality of sedimentary organic matter in the deep Nazare Canyon, Western Iberian Margin0 aNematode diversity and its relation to the quantity and quality   aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  a1521-15390 v563 aSamples collected in the deep Nazare Canyon and at the adjacent slope, during the HERMES RRS Discovery D297 cruise (2005), were analysed for metazoan meiofauna, nematode structure and diversity and its relation to quality and quantity of sedimentary organic material. The amount and quality of organic matter available for direct consumption was much higher in the canyon compared to the slope and positively correlated with high nematode abundances (795-1171 ind. 10 cm(-2)) and biomass (93.2-343.5 mu g dry weight 10 cm(-2)). thus leading to higher standing stocks. Canyon nematode assemblages also showed particular adaptations (e.g. higher trophic complexity, variability of nematode morphology, and presence of opportunistic genera) to canyon conditions, particularly in the deeper sediment layers. The Nazare Canyon's nematode diversity was slightly lower than that of the adjacent slope and its assemblages were characterised by a higher dominance of certain genera. Still, the canyon contributes considerably to total Western Iberian Margin diversity due to different assemblages present compared to the slope. Furthermore, the harsh conditions in terms of hydrodynamic disturbance and the high organic matter flux are likely to have a negative impact on the establishment of species rich meiobenthic communities, especially in the canyon axis. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.10adeep sea10adiversity10aMeiobenthos10aNazare10anematodes10aSedimentary organic matter10aSubmarine canyons10aWestern Iberian Margin1 aIngels, Jeroen1 aKiriakoulakis, Konstadinos1 aWolff, George, A.1 aVanreusel, Ann  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/nematode-diversity-and-its-relation-quantity-and-quality-sedimentary-organic-matter-deep-naz01956nas a2200265   4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260010100196300001200297490000700309520106800316653001401384653001301398653001401411653001901425653001201444100001901456700002501475700002201500700002201522700001901544700000501563700000501568856011701573       2009                        eng d00aRecolonisation of mine tailing by meiofauna in mesocosm and microcosm experiments0 aRecolonisation of mine tailing by meiofauna in mesocosm and micr  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  a841-8500 v583 aThe Batu Hijau copper/gold mine in Sumbawa, Indonesia processes ore at approximately 130,000 tpd and discharges tailing via a submarine pipeline to depths below 3000 m at the base of a submarine canyon. The study investigated recolonisation of tailing by meiofauna and its dependence on subsequent accumulation of natural sediment. Microcosm and mesocosm scale experiments were carried out using two tailing and two control samples, the latter comprising defaunated and unaffected natural sediment. All test materials were similar in physical and chemical respects, except for the higher copper concentration in the tailing. The abundances of meiofauna colonising defaunated controls and both tailing samples increased from zero to levels statistically indistinguishable from natural unaffected controls after 97 and 203 days. Colonisation was well established in tailing from freshly mined ore after 40 days, and in oxidized tailing from stockpiled ore after 65 days, and was not dependent on settled natural material. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.10ameiofauna10aMesocosm10amicrocosm10aRecolonisation10aTailing1 aGwyther, David1 aBatterham, Grant, J.1 aWaworuntu, Jorina1 aGultom, Tonny, H.1 aPrayogo, Windy1 a1 a  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/recolonisation-mine-tailing-meiofauna-mesocosm-and-microcosm-experiments02139nas a2200229   4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260008000196300001000276490000700286520127800293653001801571653002401589653002101613100002501634700002401659700002501683700002701708700002601735700002901761856011901790       2009                        eng d00aSpatial and temporal variations of meiofaunal communities in Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba0 aSpatial and temporal variations of meiofaunal communities in Cie  aCASILLA 13-D, VINA DEL MAR, 00000, CHILEbINST OCEANOLOGIA, UNIV VALPARAISO  a13-220 v443 aThe community structure of meiofauna was studied in 16 subtidal sampling stations and in four months in Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba for describing their patterns of distribution, as well as their possible causes. Silt/clay (S/C) and organic matter (OM) contents in sediment were positively correlated, and their changes were related to spatial variation of sedimentary environment across stations. The narrow range of interstitial salinity suggests a slight effect on meiofauna even when changes of surficial salinity occurred. Density and number of taxa changed among dry and wet seasons plausibly as a response to hypoxic conditions due to water stratification in the wet season. Negative relationships were recorded among S/C and OM with meiofaunal densities possibly due to restrictive effects of accumulation and oxidation of organic matter. Physical disturbance appears to be a main process affecting meiofauna in some shallow stations subjected to strong waving and tidal currents. No any single ecological factor explains the large spatial variability of meiofaunal communities in the whole bay; a combination of several processes like distribution of primary production, stratification/mixing of the water column and physical disturbance probably is occurring in the bay.10aCaribbean Sea10acommunity structure10aSpatial patterns1 aDiaz-Asencio, Lisbet1 aArmenteros, Maickel1 aDiaz-Asencio, Misael1 aFernandez-Garces, Raul1 aGomez-Batista, Miguel1 aAlonso-Hernandez, Carlos  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/spatial-and-temporal-variations-meiofaunal-communities-cienfuegos-bay-cuba01812nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260010100214300001400315490000700329520096500336653002101301653001701322653002201339653001301361653001901374653000901393100001501402700001901417700001601436856013001452       2009                        eng d00aNematode response to metal, PAHs and organic enrichment in tourist marinas of the mediterranean sea0 aNematode response to metal PAHs and organic enrichment in touris  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  a1192-12010 v583 aThe structure of nematode assemblages was investigated in the sediments of two different tourist marinas in the Mediterranean Sea and related to pollution variables. Nematode densities and generic compositions were determined, as were concentrations of heavy metals, PAHs and organic matter. Results showed different assemblages at the two marinas, with a dominance of the genera Paralongicyatholaimus and Daptonema. Significant correlations between nematodes and concentrations of environmental contaminants were found. In particular, Paralongicyatholaimus showed a significant negative correlation with Cu concentrations and was almost absent at the stations where higher Cu concentrations were found. The presence of sensitive/tolerant nematode genera represents a promising tool to identify areas subjected to a higher level of disturbance and to define the correct environmental management strategy for harbors. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.10aHarbor sediments10aheavy metals10aMediterranean Sea10anematode10aorganic matter10aPAHs1 aMoreno, M.1 aAlbertelli, G.1 aFabiano, M.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/nematode-response-metal-pahs-and-organic-enrichment-tourist-marinas-mediterranean-sea02499nas a2200217   4500008004100000245007000041210006900111260005200180300001400232490000700246520176100253653001902014653002602033653001702059653001302076653002702089653002202116100002102138700002202159856010002181       2009                        eng d00aRegional patterns of nematode assemblages in the Arctic deep seas0 aRegional patterns of nematode assemblages in the Arctic deep sea  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGER  a1345-13570 v323 aSurface primary productivity and carbon flux in the Arctic Seas are higher along the warm Spitsbergen Water Current than along the ice-infested East Greenland Current. These contrasting oceanographic conditions are reflected in the deep-sea environment and may shape nematode assemblages. However, the paucity of samples in the Arctic deep seas precludes any regional scale assessment. In the present study, nematode assemblages were investigated in relation to a range of environmental variables along the 2,000 m isobath between latitudes 72A degrees N and 79A degrees N for both East and Western margins of the northern North Atlantic. Results showed that both margins had distinct environmental characteristics, with respect to chloroplastic pigments, sediment water content, sediment-bound organic matter, phospholipids and particulate proteins. Nematode assemblages varied according to these environmental changes. Along the more oligotrophic western margin, chloroplastic pigments increased towards the North, while the other environmental variables, nematode abundances and species richness decreased. In contrast, along the eastern margin, we observed higher quantities of organic matter and particulate protein, which supported higher abundance and species richness. Nematode assemblages along both margins varied according to food availability with species composition more variable in areas with lower amounts. Seventy percent of the species occurred in both margins indicating a low turnover of species. The present results support the hypothesis of a positive latitudinal gradient across the North Atlantic and further suggest that contemporary climate and recent ecological processes may predict nematode diversity patterns at larger scales.10aArctic benthos10aArctic marine ecology10abiogeography10adeep sea10aLatitudinal variations10aspecies diversity1 aFonseca, Gustavo1 aSoltwedel, Thomas  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/regional-patterns-nematode-assemblages-arctic-deep-seas02200nas a2200193   4500008004100000245013300041210006900174260007200243300001000315490000700325520138700332653003301719653001401752653002701766653002301793100002501816700002801841856013701869       2009                        eng d00aThe abundance and distribution of free-living marine nematodes of the Piltun-Astokhskoye oil and gas field (North-East Sakhalin)0 aabundance and distribution of freeliving marine nematodes of the  aINVERGOWRIE, DUNDEE DD2 5DA, SCOTLANDbMYLNEFIELD RESEARCH SERVICES  a31-420 v173 aAlthough offshore oil and gas production platforms are a potential source for a number of toxic compounds, their impact on the meiofauna is insufficiently studied. In the vicinity of the oil and gas production platform MOLIKPAQ (North-East Sakhalin, the Sea of Okhotsk), the relative abundance of meiofauna assemblages ranged from 23.5 to 406.0 ind. 10 cm(-2). The dominant group, nematodes, ranged from 6 to 385 ind. 10 cm(-2). The maximum nematode density was at the distance of 250 in from the platform coupled with the highest petroleum hydrocarbons concentration (6.52 mg g(-1)) and the lowest values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou's evenness indices (1.25 and 0.33, respectively). In total, 69 nematode species were found. Disturbance in the structure of nematocenes, decrease of number species, drop of biological diversity indices, as well as increase in dominance of some nematode species of occurred in response to the introduction of PHCs as a stress factor. CLUSTER, MDS and SIMPER analyses clearly distinguished site groupings related to the different concentrations of PHC and sediment granulometry. The significant differences of nematode assemblages occurred in the response to the appearance of even low-level PHC contamination sediment. These results suggest that nematode assemblages can be used to detect non-catastrophic levels of oil contamination.10aFree-living marine nematodes10ameiofauna10apetroleum hydrocarbons10athe Sea of Okhotsk1 aFadeeva, Natalia, P.1 aMaslennikov, Sergei, I.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/abundance-and-distribution-free-living-marine-nematodes-piltun-astokhskoye-oil-and-gas-field02308nas a2200265   4500008004100000245007100041210006900112260012200181300000900303490000800312520141700320653001801737653001401755653001801769653001701787653001801804653000701822653001401829100001401843700001901857700002001876700002101896700002401917856010101941       2009                        eng d00aNematode assemblages in a nature reserve with historical pollution0 aNematode assemblages in a nature reserve with historical polluti  aC/O PROF DR E SCHOCKAERT, DEPT SBG, LIMBURGS UNIV CENTRUM, B-3590 DIEPENBEEK, BELGIUMbSOC ROYALE ZOOLOGIQUE BELGIQUE  a3-140 v1393 aNematodes, and especially nematode communities, have significant potential as bio-indicators. The present study aimed to assess thee nematode community structure of several sites with different historical pollution Long-term polluted municipal waste-, tar- and sludge- sites were compared with less disturbed annex sites At each site heavy metal and PAHs concentrations were measured together with soil texture classes. pH and total organic matter Identification of three hundred nematodes at each location resulted in the discrimination of 63 genera from 32 different families of which the Cephalobidae. Belonolaimidae, Tylenchidae, Hoplolaimidae, Belonolaimidae and Plectidae were the most abundant families The sampling sites harbour significantly different nematode communities and significant differences of life-strategy-related parameters (cp-groups, MI Indexes) were observed. The significant augmentation of the proportion of the cp 2 nematodes in historically-polluted sites was especially informative. Omitting the cp 1 group from the MI (=MI2-5) better reflects putative historical pollution-induced community changes However, the current study did not reveal significant relationships between historical pollution and the feeding type composition, or the Shannon-Wiener diversity The observed results are critically assessed in the light of possible flaws such as sampling and analyzing limitations.10abio-indicator10adiversity10afeeding types10aheavy metals10alife strategy10aMI10apollution1 aBert, Wim1 aManhout, Joeri1 aVan Colen, Carl1 aBorgonie, Gaetan1 aDecraemer, Wilfrida  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/nematode-assemblages-nature-reserve-historical-pollution03129nas a2200277   4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260008500213300001200298490000700310520214500317653001802462653001902480653001602499653001402515653002202529653002502551100001902576700002102595700002502616700002502641700002102666700001302687700001802700856013302718       2009                        eng d00aBiodiversity patterns of free-living marine nematodes in a tropical bay: Cienfuegos, Caribbean Sea0 aBiodiversity patterns of freeliving marine nematodes in a tropic  a24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLANDbACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  a179-1890 v853 aSpatial and temporal biodiversity patterns of free-living marine nematodes were studied in Cienfuegos Bay, a tropical semi-enclosed basin in the Caribbean Sea. Taxonomic (to species level) and functional (biological trait) approaches were applied for describing the assemblage structure and relating it to abiotic environment based on a sampling scheme in six subtidal stations and three months. Biological trait approach added relevant information to species pattern regarding relationships between diversity patterns and the abiotic environment. The most common morphotypes were deposit feeding nematodes, with colonising abilities of 2-3 (in a scale from 1 to 5), tail conical cylindrical or filiforme and body slender; and their abundance were correlated with depth, organic matter and silt/clay fraction. In spite of a high turnover of species, functional diversity of assemblages did not change notably in space and time. A result probably due to sampling of the habitat pool of species and to low heterogeneity of the studied muddy bottoms. Chemical pollution (organic enrichment and heavy metals) and hydrodynamic regime possibly drove the biodiversity patterns. Spatial distribution of assemblages support the existence of two well differentiated basins inside the bay, the northern basin more polluted than the southern one. The low hydrodynamic regime would determine a poor dispersion of nematodes resulting in high spatial variance in the assemblage structure; and also the associated hypoxic conditions and pollutants in sediments can explain the dominance of tolerant nematode species such as Daptonema oxycerca, Sabatieria pulchra, Terschellingia gourbaultae, and Terschellingia longicaudata. A comparison of spatial-temporal patterns of biodiversity between Cienfuegos Bay and other semi-enclosed bays in temperate regions suggests several similarities: nematode assemblages are strongly influenced by anthropogenic disturbance, temporal trends are weak or overridden by spatial ones, and few cosmopolitan genera/species tolerant to pollution and hypoxic conditions are dominant. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.10aCaribbean Sea10amarine ecology10aMeiobenthos10anematodes10aspecies diversity10atropical environment1 aArmenteros, M.1 aRuiz-Abierno, A.1 aFernandez-Garces, R.1 aPerez-Garcia, J., A.1 aDiaz-Asencio, L.1 aVincx, M1 aDecraemer, W.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/biodiversity-patterns-free-living-marine-nematodes-tropical-bay-cienfuegos-caribbean-sea00490nas a2200097   4500008004100000245012100041210006900162100000500231700001900236856013700255       2009                        eng d00aReproducibility of read numbers in high-throughput sequence analysis of nematode community composition and structure0 aReproducibility of read numbers in highthroughput sequence analy1 a1 aThomas, Kelley  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/reproducibility-read-numbers-high-throughput-sequence-analysis-nematode-community-compositio02854nas a2200313   4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260008700211300001400298490000600312520175000318653002902068653001702097653001802114653003102132653001602163653001302179100002702192700002802219700001702247700002202264700002102286700002402307700002302331700002402354700001402378700001902392856012902411       2009                        eng d00aEvaluating high-throughput sequencing as a method for metagenomic analysis of nematode diversity0 aEvaluating highthroughput sequencing as a method for metagenomic  aCOMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USAbWILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  a1439-14500 v93 aNematodes play an important role in ecosystem processes, yet the relevance of nematode species diversity to ecology is unknown. Because nematode identification of all individuals at the species level using standard techniques is difficult and time-consuming, nematode communities are not resolved down to the species level, leaving ecological analysis ambiguous. We assessed the suitability of massively parallel sequencing for analysis of nematode diversity from metagenomic samples. We set up four artificial metagenomic samples involving 41 diverse reference nematodes in known abundances. Two samples came from pooling polymerase chain reaction products amplified from single nematode species. Two additional metagenomic samples consisted of amplified products of DNA extracted from pooled nematode species. Amplified products involved two rapidly evolving similar to 400-bp sections coding for the small and large subunit of rRNA. The total number of reads ranged from 4159 to 14771 per metagenomic sample. Of these, 82% were > 199 bp in length. Among the reads > 199 bp, 86% matched the referenced species with less than three nucleotide differences from a reference sequence. Although neither rDNA section recovered all nematode species, the use of both loci improved the detection level of nematode species from 90 to 97%. Overall, results support the suitability of massively parallel sequencing for identification of nematodes. In contrast, the frequency of reads representing individual species did not correlate with the number of individuals in the metagenomic samples, suggesting that further methodological work is necessary before it will be justified for inferring the relative abundances of species within a nematode community.10a454 genome sequencer FLX10aBiodiversity10aDNA barcoding10ahigh-throughput sequencing10ametagenomic10anematode1 aPorazinska, Dorota, L.1 aGiblin-Davis, Robin, M.1 aFaller, Lina1 aFarmerie, William1 aKanzaki, Natsumi1 aMorris, Krystalynne1 aPowers, Thomas, O.1 aTucker, Abraham, E.1 aSung, Way1 aThomas, Kelley  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/evaluating-high-throughput-sequencing-method-metagenomic-analysis-nematode-diversity02297nas a2200385   4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260011800184300001200302490000700314520097600321653003101297653003001328653002501358653001901383653001401402653002401416653002801440653003101468653003101499653003101530653001401561653002201575653001401597653001401611653002601625653001701651653002501668653002601693100002701719700002301746700002201769700002101791856009901812       2009                        eng d00aParasites of the Mink Frog (Rana septentrionalis) from Minnesota, USA0 aParasites of the Mink Frog Rana septentrionalis from Minnesota U  aC/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USAbHELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON  a240-2460 v763 aTwenty-two mink frogs, Rana septentrionalis, collected from two locations in Minnesota, United States, were examined for helminth and Protozoan blood parasites in July 1999. A total of 16 parasite taxa were recovered including 5 larval digenean trematodes, 7 adult digenean trematodes, 3 nematodes, and 1 Trypanosoma species. Infracommunities were dominated by the digeneans in terms of richness and abundance. In particular, echinostomatid metacercariae in the kidneys of frogs were the most common parasites found, infecting 100% of the frogs and consisting of about 90% of all helminth individuals recovered. Gorgodera amplicava, Gorgoderina multilobata, Haematoloechus parviplexus, Haematoloechus breviplexus, Cosmocercoides dukae, and Oswaldocruzia pipiens represent new host records. The survey presented here represents the second known helminth survey of mink frogs conducted in North America. A Summary of metazoan parasites reported from mink frogs is included.10aApharyngostrigea pipientis10aCephalogonimus americanus10aCosmocercoides dukae10aechinostomatid10aFibricola10aGorgodera amplicava10aGorgoderina multilobata10aHaematoloechus breviplexus10aHaematoloechus longiplexus10aHaematoloechus parviplexus10ahelminths10aLoxogenes arcanum10amink frog10aMinnesota10aOswaldocruzia pipiens10aplagiorchiid10aRana septentrionalis10aTrypanosoma pipientis1 aSchotthoefer, Anna, M.1 aBolek, Matthew, G.1 aCole, Rebecca, A.1 aBeasley, Val, R.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/parasites-mink-frog-rana-septentrionalis-minnesota-usa02209nas a2200205   4500008004100000245006200041210006200103260008700165300001200252490000700264520150000271653002801771653001201799653001101811653001601822653001701838100002501855700002501880856009801905       2009                        eng d00aHabitat Restoration for Lupine and Specialist Butterflies0 aHabitat Restoration for Lupine and Specialist Butterflies  aCOMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USAbWILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  a226-2330 v173 aThe decline of the Frosted elfin butterfly (Callophrys irus (Godart)) population in the Rome Sand Plains (RSP) of central New York is directly related to loss of its host plant, Wild blue lupine (Lupinus perennis L.), as Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) invades the open sandy habitats where lupine grows. A Frosted elfin (New York threatened) population remains where lupine is the densest. We tested the hypotheses that tree canopy hinders lupine performance and restricts elfin behavior. Removal of white pines in experimental plots resulted in dramatic increases in canopy openness. Lupine flowering stems and lupine cover increased significantly in the tree removal plots and remained constant or declined in the control plots. The total number of lupine stems decreased, however, in both control and cleared plots. Observations of butterflies in the experimental plots increased significantly after tree removal, and male elfins, which form mating territories in sandy areas at the edges of lupine patches, established new territories in open patches where trees had been removed. Several new territories have been used each year since tree removal. This rapid response by the butterflies reflects their behavioral preferences for open areas near lupine patches. Selective tree removal at the RSP has benefited individual lupine plants and increased habitat for Frosted elfin butterflies, but more extensive habitat manipulation may be necessary to increase lupine population numbers.10aFrosted elfin butterfly10ahabitat10alupine10arestoration10atree removal1 aPfitsch, William, A.1 aWilliams, Ernest, H.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/habitat-restoration-lupine-and-specialist-butterflies01774nas a2200265   4500008004100000245015000041210006900191260009100260300001200351490000700363520079600370653001601166653001501182653001801197653001401215653001601229653001401245653000801259653001301267100003401280700001401314700002401328700001901352856013701371       2009                        eng d00aBernardius lineatus gen. n., sp n. (Enoplida: Enchelidiidae), a remarkable nematode with ornamented cuticle from a Brazilian tropical sandy beach0 aBernardius lineatus gen n sp n Enoplida Enchelidiidae a remarkab  aPLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDSbBRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS  a275-2870 v113 aBernardius lineatus gen. n., sp. n. is described from a sandy beach at Tamandare Bay, Brazil. It possesses the main characteristics of the family Enchelidiidae (Nematoda: Enoplida), but is unique by the presence of a body cuticle ornamented with longitudinal ridges formed by small rods, an entirely different character to all other members of the order Enoplida. The new genus is also characterised by a long, subdivided, buccal cavity with two subventral teeth and numerous denticles and the arrangement of the anterior sensilla in two crowns, the anterior crown being papilliform and the posterior crown consisting of six external labial and four cephalic sensilla, setiform. The relationships of the genera within the Enchelidiidae are discussed and an emended family diagnosis provided.10adescription10amorphology10amorphometrics10anew genus10anew species10aphylogeny10aSEM10ataxonomy1 ada Fonseca-Genevois, Veronica1 aSmol, Nic1 aDecraemer, Wilfrida1 aVenekey, Virag  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/bernardius-lineatus-gen-n-sp-n-enoplida-enchelidiidae-remarkable-nematode-ornamented-cuticle02469nas a2200229   4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260009100230300001200321490000700333520160300340653002001943653001901963653001401982653001301996653001802009653001202027653002402039100002102063700001802084856013702102       2009                        eng d00aDistribution and population structure of two bacterial-feeding nematode genera in ice-free areas in East Antarctica0 aDistribution and population structure of two bacterialfeeding ne  aPLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDSbBRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS  a189-2010 v113 aVery dense populations of nematodes of the genera Plectus and Panagrolaimus were found in moss cushions and in ornithogenic soils in a number of localities on mountain outcrops (nunataks) penetrating the ice sheet and in a coastal oasis in East Antarctica. These high abundances permitted analysis of the structure of populations from various sites. Patterns of distribution and size-class composition in nematode populations from the Basen nunatak, and from scattered samples taken in a larger area including several nunataks and one coastal oasis in Dronning Maud Land, were investigated. It is suggested that the composition of developmental stages and structure of the nematode populations are influenced by environmental conditions such as food supply, temperature and maybe predation or competition from coexisting populations of tardigrades, protozoans and rotifers. The results indicated that the population dynamics were not synchronised among the sites. In several populations the animals appeared well fed with a high frequency of gravid females. In the more extreme localities, in particular, the proportion of adults was very high, and in these sites the recruitment to the populations appeared to be rather low as indicated by the low proportion of juveniles. The structure of the nematode populations seemed little influenced by various combinations of co-occurring tardigrades or rotifers. There were some differences in population structure between nematode populations from different nunataks which could possibly be caused by genetic variability due to long periods of isolation.10aEast Antarctica10alength classes10anematodes10anunataks10aPanagrolaimus10aPlectus10apopulation dynamics1 aSohlenius, Bjorn1 aBostrom, Sven  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/distribution-and-population-structure-two-bacterial-feeding-nematode-genera-ice-free-areas-e03320nas a2200217   4500008004100000022002200041245010700063210006900170260014200239300001200381490000700393520241900400100002002819700002102839700002102860700001902881700001802900700002202918700002502940856013702965       2009                        eng d  a0012-9658 (Print)00aLong-term effects of plant diversity and composition on soil nematode communities in model grasslands.0 aLongterm effects of plant diversity and composition on soil nema  aDepartment of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. maria.viketoft@ekol.slu.se  a90–990 v903 aAn important component of plant-soil feedbacks is how plant species identity anddiversity influence soil organism communities. We examine the effects of grassland plant species growing alone and together up to a richness of 12 species on nematode diversity and feeding group composition, eight years after the establishment of experimental grassland plots at the BIODEPTH site in northern Sweden. This is a substantially longer time than most other experimental studies of plant effects on soil fauna. We address the hypotheses that (la) higher species or functional diversity of plants increases nematode diversity, as well as influences nematode community composition. Alternatively, (1b) individual plant species traits are most important for nematode diversity and community composition. (2) Plant effects on soil organisms will decrease with increasing number of trophic links between plants and soil fauna. Plant species identity was often more important than plant diversity for nematode community composition, supporting hypothesis 1b. There was a weak positive relation between plant and nematode richness;which could be attributed to the presence of the legume Trifolium pratense, but also to some other plant species, suggesting a selection or sampling effect. Several plant species in different functional groups affected nematode community composition. For example, we found that legumes increased bacterial-feeding nematodes, most notably r-selected Rhabditida, while fungal-feeding nematodes were enhanced by forbs. Other bacterial feeders and obligate root feeders were positively related to grasses. Plant effects were usually stronger on plant-, bacterial- and fungal-feeding nematodes than on omnivores/predators, which supports hypothesis 2. Our study suggests that plant identity has stronger effects than plant diversity on nematode community composition, but when comparing our results with similar previous studies the effects of particular plant species appear to vary. We also found that more productive plant species affected bacterial-feeding nematodes more than fungal feeders. Moreover, we observed stronger effects the fewer the number of trophic links there were between a nematode feeding group and plants. Although we found clear effects of plants on soil nematodes, these were probably not large enough to result in strong and persistent plant-soil-organism-plant feedback loops.1 aViketoft, Maria1 aBengtsson, Janne1 aSohlenius, Bjorn1 aBerg, Matty, P1 aPetchey, Owen1 aPalmborg, Cecilia1 aHuss-Danell, Kerstin  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/long-term-effects-plant-diversity-and-composition-soil-nematode-communities-model-grasslands00464nas a2200157   4500008004100000245003500041210003200076260002100108300001400129490000600143100002300149700001900172700002200191700002100213856007200234       2009                        eng d00aAnnelida, Hirudinida (Leeches)0 aAnnelida Hirudinida Leeches  aOxfordbElsevier  a116–1230 v21 aMoser, William, E.1 aGovedich, F.R.1 aKlemm, Donald, J.1 aLikens, Gene, E.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/annelida-hirudinida-leeches02213nas a2200193   4500008004100000245017000041210006900211260007600280300001200356490000700368520140300375100001801778700001601796700002201812700001801834700001501852700001501867856013701882       2009                        eng d00aSmall Subunit rDNA-Based Phylogeny of the Tylenchida Sheds Light on Relationships Among Some High-Impact Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and the Evolution of Plant Feeding0 aSmall Subunit rDNABased Phylogeny of the Tylenchida Sheds Light   a3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USAbAMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC  a227-2350 v993 aCyst (Heteroderidae), root knot (Meloidogyne spp.), and lesion (Pratylenchus spp.) nematodes all belong to a single nematode order, Tylenchida. However, the relationships between and within these economically highly relevant groups, and their relatedness to other parasitic Tylenchida is unclear. We constructed a phylogeny of 116 Tylenchida taxa based on full length small subunit ribosomal DNA (small subunit [SSU] rDNA) sequences. Ancestral state reconstruction points at a gradual development of simple to more complex forms of plant parasitism. Good resolution was observed in distal clades that include cyst, root knot, and lesion nematodes, and monophyly of most families was confirmed. Our data suggest that root knot nematodes have evolved from an ancestral member of the genus Pratylenchus, but it remains unclear which species is closest to this branching point. Contrary to the notoriously polyphagous distal representatives, basal members of the genus Meloidogyne (and probably, their common ancestor) have narrow host ranges. Our analysis also shows that mitotic parthenogeny has arisen at least two times independently among root knot nematodes. In many cases resolution till species was observed, suggesting that SSU rDNA sequences have a potential for DNA barcode-based species identification with, due to the overall conserved nature of this gene, limited intra-species variation.1 aHolterman, M.1 aKarssen, G.1 avan den Elsen, S.1 avan Megen, H.1 aBakker, J.1 aHelder, J.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/small-subunit-rdna-based-phylogeny-tylenchida-sheds-light-relationships-among-some-high-impa01654nas a2200157   4500008004100000022002700041245012400068210006900192260012300261300001000384490000800394520092200402100001801324700001701342856013701359       2009                        eng d  a1573-2959 (Electronic)00aThe use of leeches to monitor aquatic PCB contamination at Mid-Canada Radar Line site 050: four years post-remediation.0 ause of leeches to monitor aquatic PCB contamination at MidCanada  aDepartment of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. ljtsuji@fes.uwaterloo.ca  a1–70 v1533 aThe Mid-Canada Radar Line (MCRL) was built by the Canadian government during the 1950s and closed in the 1960s. MCRL Site 050 located in close proximity to Fort Albany First Nation was a source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); thus, this site was remediated in 2001. There has been concern in Fort Albany that the Albany River by MCRL Site 050 is still contaminated. We examined whether the aquatic environment surrounding MCRL Site 050 has returned to background levels four years post-remediation using leeches (Haemopis spp.) as bioindicators. Leech data for 2005 indicates that PCB levels remain higher near Site 050 than at the control site upstream; however, there has been a decrease in difference between Site 050 and the control site for leech body burden between years. Thus, the removal of the terrestrial source of PCB contamination at Site 050 appears to have removed the main source of aquatic PCBs.1 aTsuji, L, J S1 aMartin, I, D  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/use-leeches-monitor-aquatic-pcb-contamination-mid-canada-radar-line-site-050-four-years-post01409nas a2200193   4500008004100000245005800041210005400099260007100153300001000224490000700234520074900241100002100990700002601011700002701037700002001064700001901084700002101103856009101124       2009                        eng d00aThe ecological significance of manipulative parasites0 aecological significance of manipulative parasites  a84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON  a41-480 v243 aThe diversity of ways in which host manipulation by parasites interferes with ecological and evolutionary processes governing biotic interactions has been recently documented, and indicates that manipulative parasites are full participants in the functioning of ecosystems. Phenotypic alterations in parasitised hosts modify host population ecology, apparent competition processes, food web structure and energy and nutrient flow between habitats, as well as favouring habitat creation. As is usually the case in ecology, these phenomena can be greatly amplified by a series of secondary consequences (cascade effects). Here we review the ecological relevance of manipulative parasites in ecosystems and propose directions for further research.1 aLefevre, Thierry1 aLebarbenchon, Camille1 aGauthier-Clerc, Michel1 aMisse, Dorothee1 aPoulin, Robert1 aThomas, Frederic  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/ecological-significance-manipulative-parasites02049nas a2200205   4500008004100000022002700041245013900068210006900207260012400276300001400400490000800414520116000422100002501582700002201607700001701629700001501646700002201661700002301683856013701706       2009                        eng d  a1096-9861 (Electronic)00aThree-dimensional reconstruction of the amphid sensilla in the microbial feeding nematode, Acrobeles complexus (Nematoda: Rhabditida).0 aThreedimensional reconstruction of the amphid sensilla in the mi  aDepartment of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA. daniel.bumbarger@tuebingen.mpg.de  a271–2810 v5123 aAmphid sensilla are the primary olfactory, chemoreceptive, and thermoreceptive organs in nematodes. Their function is well described for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, but it is not clear to what extent we can generalize these findings to distantly related nematodes of medical, economic, and agricultural importance. Current detailed descriptions of anatomy and sensory function are limited to nematodes that recent molecular phylogenies would place in the same taxonomic family, the Rhabditidae. Using serial thin-section transmission electron microscopy, we reconstructed the anatomy of the amphid sensilla in the more distantly related nematode, Acrobeles complexus (Cephalobidae). Amphid structure is broadly conserved in number and arrangement of cells. Details of cell anatomy differ, particularly for the sensory neurite termini. We identify an additional sensory neuron not found in the amphid of C. elegans and propose homology with the C. elegans interneuron AUA. Hypotheses of homology for the remaining sensory neurons are also proposed based on comparisons between C. elegans, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Haemonchus contortus.1 aBumbarger, Daniel, J1 aWijeratne, Sitara1 aCarter, Cale1 aCrum, John1 aEllisman, Mark, H1 aBaldwin, James, G.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/three-dimensional-reconstruction-amphid-sensilla-microbial-feeding-nematode-acrobeles-comple