02822nas a2200325   4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260008800225300001200313490000700325520176000332653001102092653001102103653001002114653001202124653001202136653000802148653002002156653001802176653001402194653001702208653001902225653001902244653001902263653001602282653002102298100001902319700002102338856013702359       2008                        eng d00aRegional patterns among soil nematode assemblages in Australasian pastures and effects of management practices0 aRegional patterns among soil nematode assemblages in Australasia  a150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIAbCSIRO PUBLISHING  a298-3070 v373 aAbundance, composition and diversity of nematode assemblages at 58 sites from five Australasian regions (New Zealand, South Australia, coastal southern Australia, New South Wales and Queensland) are analysed with particular reference to rainfall, pasture type and proportions of plant-, bacterial-and fungal-feeders. Nematode abundance was generally related to plant production or surrogates such as soil carbon concentration. Diversity was lowest in Queensland, where absolute abundance was lower than expected, given the carbon concentrations in the soil. The composition of the nematode community indicated that bacterial-mediated decomposition was more important in coastal southern Australia (winter-spring rainfall) than in northern New South Wales (summer-dominant rainfall). Within the southern region, the contribution of bacteria relative to fungi increased with sward legume content. Cephalobidae were the most abundant bacterial-feeders in every region. Across 11 non-irrigated New Zealand sites and the 40 Australian sites, Rhabditidae showed strong correlations with rainfall. Conversely, under drier conditions, fungal-feeding nematodes were more important, as expected where plant residues are less readily decomposed. While the low contribution of plant-feeding nematodes in coastal southern Australia may be related to sampling time, suppressive factors in the soil may have contributed. Simple cluster analysis placed 40 of the 58 sites into discrete regional clusters, but local climate and soil conditions, on both the ancient Australian and young New Zealand landscapes, explain other groupings. Impacts of elevated carbon dioxide and intensification of land management on nematode abundance and functional groups are also described.10aclover10afescue10agrass10alucerne10amicrobe10aNCR10aPanagrolaimidae10aParatylenchus10aPlectidae10aPratylenchus10aShannon-Weiner10asoil fertility10asoil processes10aTylenchidae10aTylenchorhynchus1 aYeates, G., W.1 aStirling, G., R.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/regional-patterns-among-soil-nematode-assemblages-australasian-pastures-and-effects-manageme02469nas a2200229   4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260009100230300001200321490000700333520160300340653002001943653001901963653001401982653001301996653001802009653001202027653002402039100002102063700001802084856013702102       2009                        eng d00aDistribution and population structure of two bacterial-feeding nematode genera in ice-free areas in East Antarctica0 aDistribution and population structure of two bacterialfeeding ne  aPLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDSbBRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS  a189-2010 v113 aVery dense populations of nematodes of the genera Plectus and Panagrolaimus were found in moss cushions and in ornithogenic soils in a number of localities on mountain outcrops (nunataks) penetrating the ice sheet and in a coastal oasis in East Antarctica. These high abundances permitted analysis of the structure of populations from various sites. Patterns of distribution and size-class composition in nematode populations from the Basen nunatak, and from scattered samples taken in a larger area including several nunataks and one coastal oasis in Dronning Maud Land, were investigated. It is suggested that the composition of developmental stages and structure of the nematode populations are influenced by environmental conditions such as food supply, temperature and maybe predation or competition from coexisting populations of tardigrades, protozoans and rotifers. The results indicated that the population dynamics were not synchronised among the sites. In several populations the animals appeared well fed with a high frequency of gravid females. In the more extreme localities, in particular, the proportion of adults was very high, and in these sites the recruitment to the populations appeared to be rather low as indicated by the low proportion of juveniles. The structure of the nematode populations seemed little influenced by various combinations of co-occurring tardigrades or rotifers. There were some differences in population structure between nematode populations from different nunataks which could possibly be caused by genetic variability due to long periods of isolation.10aEast Antarctica10alength classes10anematodes10anunataks10aPanagrolaimus10aPlectus10apopulation dynamics1 aSohlenius, Bjorn1 aBostrom, Sven  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/distribution-and-population-structure-two-bacterial-feeding-nematode-genera-ice-free-areas-e03474nas a2200469   4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260009000199300001200289490000700301520201200308653001602320653002302336653001602359653001202375653001402387653002602401653002102427653001302448653001402461653003202475653001502507653001602522653001302538653001602551653001302567100002602580700002502606700001702631700002802648700002902676700002602705700001402731700002102745700001502766700002002781700002402801700002202825700002102847700002502868856011102893       2007                        eng d00aAn improved molecular phylogeny of the Nematoda with special emphasis on marine taxa0 aimproved molecular phylogeny of the Nematoda with special emphas  a525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USAbACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  a622-6360 v423 aPhylogenetic reconstructions of relations within the phylum Nematoda are inherently difficult but have been advanced with the introduction of large-scale molecular-based techniques. However, the most recent revisions were heavily biased towards terrestrial and parasitic species and greater representation of clades containing marine species (e.g. Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Desmodorida, Desmoscolecida, Enoplida, and Monhysterida) is needed for accurate coverage of known taxonomic diversity. We now add small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences for 100 previously un-sequenced species of nematodes, including 46 marine taxa. SSU rDNA sequences for > 200 taxa have been analysed based on Bayesian inference and LogDet-transformed distances. The resulting phylogenies provide support for (i) the re-classification of the Secernentea as the order Rhabditida that derived from a common ancestor of chromadorean orders Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Desmodorida, Desmoscolecida, and Monhysterida and (ii) the position of Bunonema close to the Diplogasteroidea in the Rhabditina. Other, previously controversial relationships can now be resolved more clearly: (a) Alaimus, Campydora, and Trischistoma belong in the Enoplida, (b) Isolaimium is placed basally to a big clade containing the Axonolaimidae, Plectidae, and Rhabditida, (c) Xyzzors belongs in the Desmodoridae, (d) Comesomatidae and Cyartonema belongs in the Monhysterida, (e) Globodera belongs in the Hoplolaimidae and (0 Paratylenchus dianeae belongs in the Criconematoidea. However, the SSU gene did not provide significant support for the class Chromadoria or clear evidence for the relationship between the three classes, Enoplia, Dorylaimia, and Chromadoria. Furthermore, across the whole phylum, the phylogenetically informative characters of the SSU gene are not informative in a parsimony analysis, highlighting the short-comings of the parsimony method for large-scale phylogenetic modelling. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aAdenophorea10aBayesian inference10aChromadorea10aEnoplea10aevolution10aLogDet transformation10aMarine nematodes10aNematoda10aparsimony10aphylogenetic reconstruction10aRhabditida10aSecernentea10aSSU rDNA10asystematics10ataxonomy1 aMeldal, Birgit, H. M.1 aDebenham, Nicola, J.1 aDe Ley, Paul1 aDe Ley, Irma, Tandingan1 aVanfleteren, Jacques, R.1 aVierstraete, Andy, R.1 aBert, Wim1 aBorgonie, Gaetan1 aMoens, Tom1 aTyler, Paul, A.1 aAusten, Melanie, C.1 aBlaxter, Mark, L.1 aRogers, Alex, D.1 aLambshead, P., J. D.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/improved-molecular-phylogeny-nematoda-special-emphasis-marine-taxa01836nas a2200241   4500008004100000245007600041210006900117260005900186300001200245490000700257520101400264653002701278653001401305653002201319653002501341653001301366653003301379653001601412653002701428100001201455700001401467856011301481       2005                        eng d00aRolling circle amplification of complete nematode mitochondrial genomes0 aRolling circle amplification of complete nematode mitochondrial   aPO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USAbSOC NEMATOLOGISTS  a236-2410 v373 aTo enable investigation of nematode mitochondrial DNA evolution, methodology has been developed to amplify intact nematode mitochondrial genomes in preparative yields using a rolling circle replication strategy. Successful reactions were generated from whole cell template DNA prepared by alkaline lysis of the rhabditid nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and a mermithid nematode, Thaumamerinis cosgrovei. These taxa, representing the two major nematode classes Chromodorea and Enoplea, maintain mitochondrial genomes of 13.8 kb and 20.0 kb, respectively. Efficient amplifications were conducted on template DNA isolated from individual or pooled nematodes that were alive or stored at -80 degrees C. Unexpectedly, these experiments revealed that multiple T. cosgrovei mitochondrial DNA haplotypes are maintained in our local population. Rolling circle amplification products can be used as templates for standard PCR reactions with specific primers that target mitochondrial genes or for direct DNA sequencing.10aCaenorhabditis elegans10amermithid10amitochondrial DNA10amolecular nematology10anematode10arolling circle amplification10asystematics10aThaumamermis cosgrovei1 aTang, S1 aHyman, BC  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/rolling-circle-amplification-complete-nematode-mitochondrial-genomes02758nas a2200265   4500008004100000245016000041210006900201260007300270300000900343490000700352520179800359653001602157653002702173653001802200653001402218653002402232100001702256700001902273700001402292700001202306700001902318700001302337700000502350856013702355       2001                        eng d00aPhylogenetic relationships within the cyst-forming nematodes (Nematoda, Heteroderidae) based on analysis of sequences from the ITS regions of ribosomal DNA0 aPhylogenetic relationships within the cystforming nematodes Nema  a525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USAbACADEMIC PRESS INC  a1-160 v213 aThe ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S gene sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA from 40 taxa of the family Heteroderidae (including the genera Afenestrata, Cactodera, Heterodera, Globodera, Punctodera, Meloidodera, Cryphodera, and Thecavermiculatus) were sequenced and analyzed. The ITS regions displayed high levels of sequence divergence within Heteroderinae and compared to outgroup taxa. Unlike recent findings in root knot nematodes, ITS sequence polymorphism does not appear to complicate phylogenetic analysis of cyst nematodes. Phylogenetic analyses with maximum-parsimony, minimum-evolution, and maximum-likelihood methods were performed with a range of computer alignments, including elision and culled alignments. All multiple alignments and phylogenetic methods yielded similar basic structure for phylogenetic relationships of Heteroderidae. The cyst-forming nematodes are represented by six main clades corresponding to morphological characters and host specialization, with certain clades assuming different positions depending on alignment procedure and/or method of phylogenetic inference. Hypotheses of monophyly of Punctoderinae and Heteroderinae are, respectively, strongly and moderately supported by the ITS data across most alignments. Close relationships were revealed between the Avenae and the Sacchari groups and between the Humuli group and the species H. salixophila within Heteroderinae. The Goettingiana group occupies a basal position within this subfamily. The validity of the genera Afenestrata and Bidera was tested and is discussed based on molecular data. We conclude that ITS sequence data are appropriate for studies of relationships within the different species groups and less so for recovery of more ancient speciations within Heteroderidae. (C) 2001 Academic Press.10acoevolution10acyst-forming nematodes10aHeteroderidae10aphylogeny10asequence alignments1 aSubbotin, SA1 aVierstraete, A1 aDe Ley, P1 aRowe, J1 aWaeyenberge, L1 aMoens, M1 a  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/phylogenetic-relationships-within-cyst-forming-nematodes-nematoda-heteroderidae-based-analys