01445nas a2200253   4500008004100000022004300041245012000084210006900204260014700273300001400420490000700434520040100441100002600842700002200868700001500890700001800905700002100923700001600944700002200960700001600982700002900998700002701027856013701054       2007                        eng d  a0022-3395 (Print); 0022-3395 (Linking)00aMicrosatellite markers for the human nematode parasite Ascaris lumbricoides: development and assessment of utility.0 aMicrosatellite markers for the human nematode parasite Ascaris l  aDepartment of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA. ccriscio@darwin.sfbr.org  a704–7080 v933 aWe describe 35 microsatellite markers from the human parasitic nematode Ascaris lumbricoides. We found 7 sex-linked markers and demonstrate that 26 autosomal loci can be scored reliably. These markers have high genetic variability and provide the tools to address multiple questions concerning the epidemiology, fine-scale genetic structure, host specificity, and mating systems of this parasite.1 aCriscione, Charles, D1 aAnderson, Joel, D1 aRaby, Kyle1 aSudimack, Dan1 aSubedi, Janardan1 aRai, Dev, R1 aUpadhayay, Ram, P1 aJha, Bharat1 aWilliams-Blangero, Sarah1 aAnderson, Timothy, J C  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/microsatellite-markers-human-nematode-parasite-ascaris-lumbricoides-development-and-assessme02450nas a2200193   4500008004100000022004300041245011200084210006900196260010700265300001600372490000800388520161600396100001502012700002102027700002402048700002302072700002402095856013702119       2007                        eng d  a0027-8424 (Print); 0027-8424 (Linking)00aBehavioral changes induced by Toxoplasma infection of rodents are highly specific to aversion of cat odors.0 aBehavioral changes induced by Toxoplasma infection of rodents ar  aDepartment of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ajaivyas@stanford.edu  a6442–64470 v1043 aThe protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii blocks the innate aversion of rats for cat urine, instead producing an attraction to the pheromone; this may increase the likelihood of a cat predating a rat. This is thought to reflect adaptive, behavioral manipulation by Toxoplasma in that the parasite, although capable of infecting rats, reproduces sexually only in the gut of the cat. The "behavioral manipulation" hypothesis postulates that a parasite will specifically manipulate host behaviors essential for enhancing its own transmission. However, the neural circuits implicated in innate fear, anxiety, and learned fear all overlap considerably, raising the possibility that Toxoplasma may disrupt all of these nonspecifically. We investigated these conflicting predictions. In mice and rats, latent Toxoplasma infection converted the aversion to feline odors into attraction. Such loss of fear is remarkably specific, because infection did not diminish learned fear, anxiety-like behavior, olfaction, or nonaversive learning. These effects are associated with a tendency for parasite cysts to be more abundant in amygdalar structures than those found in other regions of the brain. By closely examining other types of behavioral patterns that were predicted to be altered we show that the behavioral effect of chronic Toxoplasma infection is highly specific. Overall, this study provides a strong argument in support of the behavioral manipulation hypothesis. Proximate mechanisms of such behavioral manipulations remain unknown, although a subtle tropism on part of the parasite remains a potent possibility.1 aVyas, Ajai1 aKim, Seon-Kyeong1 aGiacomini, Nicholas1 aBoothroyd, John, C1 aSapolsky, Robert, M  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/behavioral-changes-induced-toxoplasma-infection-rodents-are-highly-specific-aversion-cat-odo00610nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210007100156300001400227490000700241653001500248100001700263700001300280700002100293856013800314       2007                        eng d  a0043-135400aNematodes in wastewater biofilms–Appearance and density of species in three biofilter reactors0 aNematodes in wastewater biofilms–Appearance and density of speci  a145 - 1510 v4110aWastewater1 aBergtold, M.1 aMayr, G.1 aTraunspurger, W.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/nematodes-wastewater-biofilms%E2%80%93appearance-and-density-species-three-biofilter-reactors02844nas a2200265   4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260006800242300001200310490000800322520192200330653002402252653001702276653001202293653001402305653001402319100001702333700001402350700001502364700001402379700001702393700001702410700001402427856013702441       2007                        eng d00aIndividual and combined effects of lead and zinc on a free-living marine nematode community: Results from microcosm experiments0 aIndividual and combined effects of lead and zinc on a freeliving  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  a217-2260 v3433 aA microcosm experiment was carried out to study the influence of lead and zinc, individually and in mixtures, on a free-living nematode community of a Tunisian lagoon. Three levels (low, medium and high) of each heavy metal were used, separately and in combinations, for sediment contamination and effects were examined after two months. Results from the multiple comparison tests showed significant differences between nematode assemblages from undisturbed controls and those from lead and/or zinc treatments. Most univariate measures, including diversity and species richness, decreased significantly in the treated microcosms. Results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data revealed significant effects of both metals, separately or in mixtures, at all the doses tested on nematode assemblages. All treatments were significantly different from the control and from each other. Both univariate and multivariate analyses of the data showed that the differential response occurred in all treatments but the communities from microcosms contaminated with lead and zinc separately were much more strongly affected. This result is suggestive of antagonistic interactions between Pb and Zn. The responses of nematode species to the lead and zinc treatments were varied: Calomicrolaimus honestus was eliminated at all lead doses tested and seemed to be intolerant species to Pb contamination whereas Oncholaimus campylocercoides increased significantly at low and medium lead contamination, was eliminated in Pb-highly amended sediment treatments and increased at all zinc doses used. This species could be categorized as "opportunistic" at low and medium lead doses and "zinc-resistant" species. Hypodontolaimus colesi was eliminated in all replicates treated with Zn even at low concentration and appeared to be a very sensitive species to zinc contamination. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10acommunity structure10aheavy metals10alagoons10amicrocosm10anematodes1 aMahmoudi, E.1 aEssid, N.1 aBeyrem, H.1 aHedfi, A.1 aBoufahja, F.1 aVitiello, P.1 aAissa, P.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/individual-and-combined-effects-lead-and-zinc-free-living-marine-nematode-community-results-00477nas a2200121   4500008004100000245005700041210005600098260007600154300001400230490000700244100001500251856008900266       2007                        eng d00aNematode assemblages as indicators for plant health.0 aNematode assemblages as indicators for plant health  a3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USAbAMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC  aS142-S1420 v971 aFerris, H.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/nematode-assemblages-indicators-plant-health02424nas a2200229   4500008004100000245007300041210006900114260006600183300001200249490000800261520164200269653001401911653001701925653001801942653001401960653002201974653002601996100002302022700002202045700002002067856010702087       2007                        eng d00aThree-dimensional spatial structure: nematodes in a sandy tidal flat0 aThreedimensional spatial structure nematodes in a sandy tidal fl  aNORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANYbINTER-RESEARCH  a177-1860 v3363 aBenthic infauna live in a three-dimensional world, and patterns of horizontal distribution may vary with depth in the sediment, as may the mechanisms that determine those patterns. This study examines how horizontal spatial structure varies with depth in a semi-exposed coarse-sand flat adjacent to St Martin's, one of the Isles of Scilly, UK. Nematode samples were collected from 3 sediment depth horizons (0 to 5, 5 to 10 and 10 to 15 cm) in a nested hierarchical design, with samples 0.1, 1 and 10 m apart. Results show that spatial patterns are strongest amongst samples of intermediate depth (5 to 11) cm), and generally insignificant amongst samples collected from 10 to 15 cm. There is short-order spatial autocorrelation in surface (0 to 5 cm) samples, with samples collected 10 cm apart being significantly more alike than samples collected further apart. We postulate that this is because spatial structure of nematodes in surface sediments is determined by patchiness induced by interactions between the water column and the physical structure of the surface layers of the sediment, which are constantly reworked by wind and tides. The deeper layers, 10 to 15 cm below the surface, are constantly reworked by a dense population of heart urchins Echinocardium cordatum. It is only in the intermediate horizon that relatively stable conditions allow nematode assemblages to establish spatial structure over a range of scales. It is concluded that the interaction between sediment permeability, and therefore interfacial advection, and bioturbation in controlling infaunal diversity and spatial patterns is potentially important.10aadvection10abioturbation10aEchinocardium10anematodes10aspatial structure10avertical distribution1 aSomerfield, P., J.1 aDashfield, S., L.1 aWarwick, R., M.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/three-dimensional-spatial-structure-nematodes-sandy-tidal-flat02250nas a2200229   4500008004100000245012400041210006900165260006900234300001200303490000700315520138200322653001601704653001401720653001801734653001901752653002001771653002101791100002801812700002101840700002201861856013701883       2007                        eng d00aCombined influence of river discharge and wind on littoral nematode communities of a river mouth area of Lake Constance0 aCombined influence of river discharge and wind on littoral nemat  aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGER  a231-2420 v413 aThe littoral nematode community adjacent to a river mouth (River Schussen) on Lake Constance (Germany) was studied from February 1999 to January 2000 in order to determine the influence of stress resulting from fluctuations in river discharge on local nematode assemblages. Additionally, the influence of wind as a second important stress factor was considered. Six sample sites were chosen, reflecting a gradient of river influence within the broader river mouth area. Nematode communities, varying in a mean range from 121 to 165 ind/10 cm(2), were found to differ significantly in terms of abundance, feeding type composition and species diversity. Deposit feeders were most abundant at all sites followed by chewers. Deposit feeders were affected mainly by wind events, while species diversity and the occurrence of chewers were influenced mainly by river discharge. The impact of both these stress factors was modified by a third variable, water level. Moderate and high levels of combined habitat stress led to significant changes in community structure. Under conditions of calm weather and low discharge, reduced species diversity and an increased predominance of deposit feeders were observed. In most cases, species diversity was found to be higher under moderate stress conditions, an observation that offers support for Connel's Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis.10adisturbance10adiversity10afeeding types10ahabitat stress10aspatial pattern10atemporal pattern1 aWitthoeft-Muehlmann, A.1 aTraunspurger, W.1 aRothhaupt, K., O.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/combined-influence-river-discharge-and-wind-littoral-nematode-communities-river-mouth-area-l02071nas a2200241   4500008004100000245013000041210006900171260005600240300001200296490000700308520121600315653001801531653002601549653001501575653001101590653001301601100001401614700001701628700001701645700001501662700001501677856013701692       2007                        eng d00aEffects of increasing levels of nickel contamination on structure of offshore nematode communities in experimental microcosms0 aEffects of increasing levels of nickel contamination on structur  a233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGER  a345-3490 v793 aA microcosm experiment was used to examine the effects of nickel on offshore nematode communities of a Tunisian coastal zone (Southwestern Mediterranean Sea). Sediments were contaminated with three nickel concentrations [low (250 ppm), medium (550 ppm) and high (900 ppm)], and effects were examined after 30 days. Results showed significant differences between nematode assemblages from undisturbed controls and those from nickel treatments. Most univariates measures, including diversity and species richness, decreased significantly with increasing level of Ni contamination. Results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data demonstrated that responses of nematode species to the nickel treatments were varied: Leptonemella aphanothecae was eliminated at all the nickel doses tested and seemed to be intolerant species to nickel contamination; Daptonema normandicum, Neochromadora trichophora and Odontophora armata which significantly increased at 550 ppm nickel concentration appeared to be "opportunistic" species at this dose whereas Oncholaimus campylocercoides and Bathylaimus capacosus which increased at all doses tested (250, 550 and 900 ppm) seemed to be "nickel-resistant" species.10acontamination10afree living nematodes10amicrocosms10anickel10asediment1 aHedfi, A.1 aMahmoudi, E.1 aBoufahja, F.1 aBeyrem, H.1 aAiessa, P.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/effects-increasing-levels-nickel-contamination-structure-offshore-nematode-communities-exper03323nas a2200169   4500008004100000245013300041210006900174260008100243300001400324490000700338520258900345100002202934700001802956700002002974700002202994856013703016       2007                        eng d00aDiversity of melofauna and free-living nematodes in hydrothermal vent mussel beds on the northern and southern East Pacific Rise0 aDiversity of melofauna and freeliving nematodes in hydrothermal   a32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USAbCAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS  a1141-11520 v873 aThe ecology and biogeography of meiofauna at deep-sea hydrothermal vents have historically received less attention than those of mega- and macrofauna. This study examines the composition of major meiofaunal taxa in beds of the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus at hydrothermal vents on the northern and southern East Pacific Rise (EPR) and presents the first comparison of species assemblages of the dominant taxon, the nematodes, among sites spanning 27 degrees of latitude. Meiofaunal samples were collected by submersible from three mussel beds at 9 degrees N on the EPR and four mussel beds between 17 and 18 degrees S in 1999. Estimated ages of the mussel beds at the time of sampling range from 4 to >20 years, enabling investigation of the influence of mussel bed age on meiofaunal assemblages. Overall, the meiofauna of the mussel beds was dominated by nematodes, with copepods constituting the second most abundant meiofaunal group. There was variation in the ratio of nematodes to copepods between sites, however, with copepods more abundant than nematodes in the youngest mussel beds. Apart from polychaete larvae, other meiofaunal groups were generally present at very low abundance (<1%) in the samples and restricted in diversity to gastropod larvae, acari, foraminifera, ostracoda and turbellaria. Seventeen nematode species from 14 genera and I I families were found in the samples, with no evidence of endemicity to hydrothermal vents at the generic level. Four genera present were not previously recorded at hydrothermal vents. Nematode species richness, species:genus ratios and abundances were low compared with other deep-sea habitats, though the ecological relevance of comparisons with soft-sediment benthos is discussed. Nematode assemblages exhibited high dominance by a few species, with one species of Thalassomonhystera most abundant at five of the seven vent sites. Multivariate analysis of nematode assemblages reveals similarities among sites that do not match geographical proximity. The youngest mussel beds were most similar to each other and exhibited lower species richness than other sites, consistent with colonization of mussel bed habitat by nematodes over time. Similarity in the composition of nematode assemblages among sites separated by similar to 3000 km indicates that they lie within a single biogeographic province, consistent with that proposed for mussel bed macrofauna. At a generic level, samples exhibited some overlap with nematode assemblages at vents elsewhere on the EPR, on the Mid Atlantic Ridge and in the North Fiji Basin.1 aCopley, J., T. P.1 aFlint, H., C.1 aFerrero, T., J.1 aVan Dover, C., L.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/diversity-melofauna-and-free-living-nematodes-hydrothermal-vent-mussel-beds-northern-and-sou02780nas a2200277   4500008004100000245011900041210006900160260009000229300001200319490000700331520182400338653001202162653002402174653002402198653001102222653001402233653001402247653001302261100001502274700001702289700001402306700001402320700001702334700001402351856013702365       2007                        eng d00aIndividual and combined effects of cadmium and diesel on a nematode community in a laboratory microcosm experiment0 aIndividual and combined effects of cadmium and diesel on a nemat  a525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USAbACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  a412-4180 v683 aA microcosm experiment was carried out to study the influence of cadmium and diesel, individually and in a mixture, on a free living nematode community of a Tunisian lagoon. Sediments were contaminated with cadmium that ranged in concentration from 0.54 to 1.40 mg Cd kg(-1) (dry weight (dw)), by diesel at 0.25 mg kg(-1) (dw), by a cadmium-diesel mixture (Cd at 1.40 mg kg(-1) + Diesel at 0.25 mg kg(-1)) and effects were examined after 90 days. Univariate analysis showed that all univariate indices did not change significantly neither at all the levels of cadmium contamination nor at 0.25 mg kg(-1) (dw) diesel concentration. But, at the cadmium-diesel mixture, significant differences were recorded between nematode assemblages from uncontaminated sediment control microcosm and those from cadmium-diesel mixture amended sediment treatments. Total nematode abundance (I), mean individual weight (bi), Shannon-Weaver index H', species richness (d), evenness (J') and number of species (S) decreased significantly in microcosms contaminated with both cadmium and diesel. Results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data demonstrated that responses of nematode species to the cadmium-diesel treatments were varied: Marylynnia stekhoveni, Calomicrolaimus honestus and Oncholaimellus mediterraneus were significantly affected at the cadmium-diesel contamination but they were not eliminated. These species could be categorized as "cadmium-diesel sensitive". Enoploides sp. and Oncholaimus campylocercoides, characterized by increased abundanc s in cadmium-diesel amended sediment, seemed to be "cadmium-diesel resistant" species. All these species, "cadmium-diesel sensitive or "cadmium-diesel resistant", were not affected by either cadmium or diesel alone. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10acadmium10acommunity structure10acontaminant mixture10adiesel10amicrocosm10anematodes10asediment1 aBeyrem, H.1 aMahmoudi, E.1 aEssid, N.1 aHedfi, A.1 aBoufahja, F.1 aAissa, P.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/individual-and-combined-effects-cadmium-and-diesel-nematode-community-laboratory-microcosm-e00682nas a2200193   4500008004100000245007100041210006900112260005900181300001000240490000700250100002300257700002500280700001900305700001600324700001100340700001500351700001900366856010300385       2007                        eng d00a454 pyrosequencing for metagenomic analysis of nematode diversity.0 a454 pyrosequencing for metagenomic analysis of nematode diversit  aPO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USAbSOC NEMATOLOGISTS  a90-900 v391 aPorazinska, D., L.1 aGiblin-Davis, R., M.1 aPowers, T., O.1 aKanzaki, N.1 aYe, W.1 aMorris, K.1 aThomas, W., K.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/454-pyrosequencing-metagenomic-analysis-nematode-diversity02059nas a2200229   4500008004100000245011300041210006900154260007600223300001200299490000700311520122100318653001701539653001801556653001001574653002301584653001401607653001901621653000801640653001401648100003001662856013701692       2007                        eng d00aSurface ultrastructure of the plagiorchid trematode Glossidium pedatum Looss, 1899 from bagrid fish in Egypt0 aSurface ultrastructure of the plagiorchid trematode Glossidium p  a9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLANDbBLACKWELL PUBLISHING  a173-1780 v883 aThe present study concerned the morphology and surface ultrastructure of a plagiorchid, Glossidium pedatum, from bagrid fish of the river Nile in Egypt. Adult G. pedatum have an elongate body, tapered towards the anterior and posterior ends. Their oral sucker is small, sub-terminal and rounded, measuring 0.200 mm in diameter. Sensory papillae around the oral sucker usually occur in small clusters of three to eight each. The ventral sucker is large, situated at the anterior end of the second third of the body, 0.299 mm in diameter, and is surrounded by three pairs of sensory papillae. Both suckers have rounded rims covered by tegumental spines. On the anterior part of the ventral surface of the body tegumental spines are small, pointed and closely spaced. A small triangular area of tegument anterior to the ventral sucker is devoid of spines. Tegumental spines on the mid-region of the body slightly increase in size and number, especially towards the lateral aspects and posterior to the ventral sucker. Towards the posterior end of the body the spines progressively decrease in both size and number. The dorsal side exhibits similar surface features but the spines are less numerous and slightly smaller.10aBagrus bayad10aBagrus docmac10aEgypt10aGlossidium pedatum10aNile fish10aPlagiorchiidae10aSEM10aTrematoda1 aIbraheem, Mohammed, Hasan  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/surface-ultrastructure-plagiorchid-trematode-glossidium-pedatum-looss-1899-bagrid-fish-egypt01064nas a2200133   4500008004100000245006300041210006100104260014100165300000800306520048600314100001900800700002200819856008900841       2007                        eng d00aA new species of leech from the New York metropolitan area0 anew species of leech from the New York metropolitan area  aATTN: LIBRARY-SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USAbAMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY  a1-63 aPlacobdella ali, n.sp., a sanguivorous glossiphoniid leech, is described from material collected in Harriman State Park, approximately 50 km north of the island of Manhattan, New York City. The new species resembles Placobdella ornata and could be easily confused with Placobdella papillifera. Dorsal papillation and internal reproductive anatomy distinguish P. ali from existing descriptions of the latter. Ventral pigmentation and salivary anatomy distinguish it from the former.1 aHughes, Leslie1 aSiddall, Mark, E.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/new-species-leech-new-york-metropolitan-area03474nas a2200469   4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260009000199300001200289490000700301520201200308653001602320653002302336653001602359653001202375653001402387653002602401653002102427653001302448653001402461653003202475653001502507653001602522653001302538653001602551653001302567100002602580700002502606700001702631700002802648700002902676700002602705700001402731700002102745700001502766700002002781700002402801700002202825700002102847700002502868856011102893       2007                        eng d00aAn improved molecular phylogeny of the Nematoda with special emphasis on marine taxa0 aimproved molecular phylogeny of the Nematoda with special emphas  a525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USAbACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  a622-6360 v423 aPhylogenetic reconstructions of relations within the phylum Nematoda are inherently difficult but have been advanced with the introduction of large-scale molecular-based techniques. However, the most recent revisions were heavily biased towards terrestrial and parasitic species and greater representation of clades containing marine species (e.g. Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Desmodorida, Desmoscolecida, Enoplida, and Monhysterida) is needed for accurate coverage of known taxonomic diversity. We now add small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences for 100 previously un-sequenced species of nematodes, including 46 marine taxa. SSU rDNA sequences for > 200 taxa have been analysed based on Bayesian inference and LogDet-transformed distances. The resulting phylogenies provide support for (i) the re-classification of the Secernentea as the order Rhabditida that derived from a common ancestor of chromadorean orders Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Desmodorida, Desmoscolecida, and Monhysterida and (ii) the position of Bunonema close to the Diplogasteroidea in the Rhabditina. Other, previously controversial relationships can now be resolved more clearly: (a) Alaimus, Campydora, and Trischistoma belong in the Enoplida, (b) Isolaimium is placed basally to a big clade containing the Axonolaimidae, Plectidae, and Rhabditida, (c) Xyzzors belongs in the Desmodoridae, (d) Comesomatidae and Cyartonema belongs in the Monhysterida, (e) Globodera belongs in the Hoplolaimidae and (0 Paratylenchus dianeae belongs in the Criconematoidea. However, the SSU gene did not provide significant support for the class Chromadoria or clear evidence for the relationship between the three classes, Enoplia, Dorylaimia, and Chromadoria. Furthermore, across the whole phylum, the phylogenetically informative characters of the SSU gene are not informative in a parsimony analysis, highlighting the short-comings of the parsimony method for large-scale phylogenetic modelling. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aAdenophorea10aBayesian inference10aChromadorea10aEnoplea10aevolution10aLogDet transformation10aMarine nematodes10aNematoda10aparsimony10aphylogenetic reconstruction10aRhabditida10aSecernentea10aSSU rDNA10asystematics10ataxonomy1 aMeldal, Birgit, H. M.1 aDebenham, Nicola, J.1 aDe Ley, Paul1 aDe Ley, Irma, Tandingan1 aVanfleteren, Jacques, R.1 aVierstraete, Andy, R.1 aBert, Wim1 aBorgonie, Gaetan1 aMoens, Tom1 aTyler, Paul, A.1 aAusten, Melanie, C.1 aBlaxter, Mark, L.1 aRogers, Alex, D.1 aLambshead, P., J. D.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/improved-molecular-phylogeny-nematoda-special-emphasis-marine-taxa01528nas a2200169   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260007100214300001200285490000600297520084100303100001701144700002601161700002201187700002401209856012501233       2007                        eng d00aAn assessment of leech parasitism on semi-aquatic turtles in the Western Piedmont of North Carolina0 aassessment of leech parasitism on semiaquatic turtles in the Wes  aPO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USAbHUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST  a191-2020 v63 aIn 2005, we assessed the occurrence of leeches on semi-aquatic turtles in nine ponds in the North Carolina Piedmont. Placobdella parasitica (smooth turtle leech) was the only parasitic leech found on turtles and was present on turtles from all ponds. Female Chrysemys picta (Painted Turtles) were more frequently parasitized than males (females 54.7%, males 40.9%; p = 0.039), possibly because they are larger and provide more surface for leech attachment. Chelydra serlmlltina (Snappir!; Turtles) had the highest leech load of any species (mean = 32.3/turtle), which we attributed to its large size and bottom-dwelling habits. Most leeches were found attached to the underside of marginal scutes or between the plastron and inguinal region. These sites likely offer protection from the environment when a turtle emerges from the water.1 aMcCoy, Clint1 aFailey, Elisabeth, L.1 aPrice, Steven, J.1 aDorcas, Michael, E.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/assessment-leech-parasitism-semi-aquatic-turtles-western-piedmont-north-carolina02121nas a2200217   4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260009000222300001200312490000700324520130300331653000801634653001501642653001201657653001001669653001501679653002501694100002001719700002701739856013701766       2007                        eng d00aPatterns of evolution of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I and II DNA and implications for DNA barcoding0 aPatterns of evolution of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I an  a525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USAbACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  a325-3450 v443 aDNA barcoding has focused increasing attention on the use of specific regions of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I and 11 genes (COI-COII) to diagnose and delimit species. However, our understanding of patterns of molecular evolution within these genes is limited. Here we examine patterns of nucleotide divergence in COI-COII within species and between species pairs of Lepidoptera and Diptera using a sliding window analysis. We found that: (1) locations of maximum divergence within COI-COII were highly variable among taxa surveyed in this study; (2) there was major overlap in divergence within versus between species, including within individual COI-CoII profiles; (3) graphical DNA saturation analysis showed variation in percent nucleotide transitions throughout COI-COII and only limited association with levels of DNA divergence. Ultimately, no single optimally informative 600 bp location was found within the 2.3kb of COI-COII, and the DNA barcoding region was no better than other regions downstream in Col. Consequently, we recommend that researchers should maximize sequence length to increase the probability of sampling regions of high phylogenetic informativeness, and to minimize stochastic variation in estimating total divergence. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aCOI10adivergence10ainsects10amtDNA10asaturation10aspecies delimitation1 aRoe, Amanda, D.1 aSperling, Felix, A. H.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/patterns-evolution-mitochondrial-cytochrome-c-oxidase-i-and-ii-dna-and-implications-dna-barc00329nas a2200097   4500008004100000245002500041210002500066653005300091100002200144856006500166       2007                        eng d00aParasitology Methods0 aParasitology Methods10aFound on Google - source unknown but url in Note1 aOverstreet, Robin  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/parasitology-methods00427nas a2200121   4500008004100000245004700041210004700088260003500135300001400170100001700184700002000201856008400221       2007                        eng d00aEncyclopedia of tidepools and rocky shores0 aEncyclopedia of tidepools and rocky shores  bUniversity of California Press  a209–2101 aIseto, Tohru1 aDenny, Mark, W.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/encyclopedia-tidepools-and-rocky-shores00455nam a2200133   4500008004100000020003100041245004700072210004700119260004500166490001000211100002000221700002200241856005800263       2007                        eng d  a9780520251182 (alk. paper)00aEncyclopedia of tidepools and rocky shores0 aEncyclopedia of tidepools and rocky shores  aBerkeleybUniversity of California Press0 vno. 11 aDenny, Mark, W.1 aGaines, Steven, D  uhttp://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip073/2006035368.html00605nas a2200133   4500008004100000245014400041210006900185300001600254490000800270100001700278700002000295700001900315856013700334       2007                        eng d00aSeasonal change of species composition, abundance, and reproduction of solitary entoprocts in Okinawa Island, the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan0 aSeasonal change of species composition abundance and reproductio  a2099–21070 v1511 aIseto, Tohru1 aYokuta, Yasuaki1 aHirose, Euichi  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/seasonal-change-species-composition-abundance-and-reproduction-solitary-entoprocts-okinawa-i00370nas a2200097   4500008004100000245005400041210005400095490000700149100002500156856009100181       2007                        eng d00aCatalog of nematology lab materials and equipment0 aCatalog of nematology lab materials and equipment0 v411 aShirayama, Yoshihisa  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/catalog-nematology-lab-materials-and-equipment00578nas a2200121   4500008004100000245014800041210006900189300001400258490000700272100002600279700001400305856013700319       2007                        eng d00aA review of the genus \emph{Richtersia} (Nematoda: Selachinematidae): new species from golfo San Jose and golfo San Matias, Chubut (Argentina).0 areview of the genus emph Richtersia Nematoda Selachinematidae ne  a1153-11600 v871 ade Ward, C.T., Pastor1 aRusso, Lo  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/review-genus-emphrichtersia-nematoda-selachinematidae-new-species-golfo-san-jose-and-golfo-s00630nas a2200145   4500008004100000245013400041210006900175300001400244490000700258100002200265700001800287700002000305700002200325856013700347       2007                        eng d00aDiversity of meiofauna and free-living nematodes in hydrothermals vent mussel beds on the northern and southern East Pacific Rise0 aDiversity of meiofauna and freeliving nematodes in hydrothermals  a1141-11520 v871 aCopley, J., T. P.1 aFlint, H., C.1 aFerrero, T., J.1 aVan Dover, C., L.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/diversity-meiofauna-and-free-living-nematodes-hydrothermals-vent-mussel-beds-northern-and-so02401nas a2200181   4500008004100000022002200041245011100063210006900174260013100243300001600374490000700390520161700397100001502014700002102029700002202050700002502072856012202097       2007                        eng d  a0737-4038 (Print)00aSupport for the Coelomata clade of animals from a rigorous analysis of the pattern of intron conservation.0 aSupport for the Coelomata clade of animals from a rigorous analy  aNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.  a2583–25920 v243 aMany intron positions are conserved in varying subsets of eukaryotic genomes and, consequently, comprise a potentially informative class of phylogenetic characters. Roy and Gilbert developed a method of phylogenetic reconstruction using the patterns of intron presence-absence in eukaryotic genes and, applying this method to the analysis of animal phylogeny, obtained support for an Ecdysozoa clade (Roy SW, Gilbert W. 2005. Resolution of a deep animal divergence by the pattern of intron conservation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:4403-4408). The critical assumption in the method was the independence of intron loss in different branches of the phylogenetic tree. Here, this assumption is refuted by showing that the branch-specific intron loss rates are strongly correlated. We show that different tree topologies are obtained, in each case with a significant statistical support, when different subsets of intron positions are analyzed. The analysis of the conserved intron positions supports the Coelomata topology, that is, a clade comprised of arthropods and chordates, whereas the analysis of more variable intron positions favors the Ecdysozoa topology, that is, a clade of arthropods and nematodes. We show, however, that the support for Ecdysozoa is fully explained by parallel loss of introns in nematodes and arthropods, a factor that does not contribute to the analysis of the conserved introns. The developed procedure for the identification and analysis of conserved introns and other characters with minimal or no homoplasy is expected to be useful for resolving many hard phylogenetic problems.1 aZheng, Jie1 aRogozin, Igor, B1 aKoonin, Eugene, V1 aPrzytycka, Teresa, M  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/support-coelomata-clade-animals-rigorous-analysis-pattern-intron-conservation00579nas a2200109   4500008004100000245017700041210006900218300001200287490000700299100002600306856013700332       2007                        eng d00aA new species of Trileptium (Nematoda, Thoracostomopsidae) from a sandy beach in southeastern Australia, with a key to species and observations on geographical distribution0 anew species of Trileptium Nematoda Thoracostomopsidae from a san  a335-3440 v411 aNicholas, Warwick, L.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/new-species-trileptium-nematoda-thoracostomopsidae-sandy-beach-southeastern-australia-key-sp01365nas a2200205   4500008004100000245002000041210002000061260006300081300001200144490000900156520082300165653001200988653001901000653001201019653002401031653001401055653001401069100001601083856006001099       2007                        eng d00aPhylum Nematoda0 aPhylum Nematoda  aPO BOX 41-383, AUCKLAND, 1030, NEW ZEALANDbMAGNOLIA PRESS  a265-2930 v16683 aThe systematics of nematodes is reviewed, including: an overview of the general biology, ecology, scientific and economic importance of the group; a history of classification; evolutionary affinities and origins of nematodes; and the current diagnosis of the group. Alternative classifications within the Phylum Nematoda are discussed, and a classification to family level incorporating the latest molecular, developmental and morphological research is presented. This classification reflects the current views on evolution within the phylum, as well as significant areas of uncertainty, particularly related to the early evolution of nematodes. It includes 5 classes, 9 subclasses, 23 superorders, 39 orders, 52 suborders, 89 superfamilies and 241 families. There are few changes at the superfamily and family levels.10abiology10aclassification10aecology10aeconomic importance10anematodes10aphylogeny1 aHodda, Mike  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/phylum-nematoda00529nas a2200121   4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260008500182300001200267490000600279100001900285856010300304       2007                        eng d00aChanneling the worm: microfluidic devices for nematode neurobiology0 aChanneling the worm microfluidic devices for nematode neurobiolo  aMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLANDbNATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  a691-6920 v41 aLockery, Shawn  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/channeling-worm-microfluidic-devices-nematode-neurobiology01779nas a2200133   4500008004100000245009600041210006900137260008500206490000600291520117000297100002301467700001901490856013601509       2007                        eng d00aCryptic animal species are homogeneously distributed among taxa and biogeographical regions0 aCryptic animal species are homogeneously distributed among taxa   aMIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLANDbBIOMED CENTRAL LTD0 v73 aBackground: Cryptic species are two or more distinct but morphologically similar species that were classified as a single species. During the past two decades we observed an exponential growth of publications on cryptic species. Recently published reviews have demonstrated cryptic species have profound consequences on many biological disciplines. It has been proposed that their distribution is non-random across taxa and biomes. Results: We analysed a literature database for the taxonomic and biogeographical distribution of cryptic animal species reports. Results from regression analysis indicate that cryptic species are almost evenly distributed among major metazoan taxa and biogeographical regions when corrected for species richness and study intensity. Conclusion: This indicates that morphological stasis represents an evolutionary constant and that cryptic metazoan diversity does predictably affect estimates of earth's animal diversity. Our findings have direct theoretical and practical consequences for a number of prevailing biological questions with regard to global biodiversity estimates, conservation efforts and global taxonomic initiatives.1 aPfenninger, Markus1 aSchwenk, Klaus  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/cryptic-animal-species-are-homogeneously-distributed-among-taxa-and-biogeographical-regions01841nas a2200133   4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260008200205300001000287490000700297520125300304100002201557856012801579       2007                        eng d00aFree-living marine nematodes of hard bottom substrates in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies0 aFreeliving marine nematodes of hard bottom substrates in Trinida  a4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USAbROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI  a73-840 v813 aAs part of a larger comparative study, marine nematode hard-bottom assemblages from Trinidad and Tobago were surveyed using artificial substrates. The collectors (nylon pan scourers) were used as a standard substratum for the colonization by marine nematodes inhabiting subtidal hard, rocky bottom substrata. The artificial substrate units (ASUs) were deployed at four sites off the islands of Trinidad and Tobago, the former being the southernmost of the Caribbean chain of islands. The nematode fauna was represented by 5 orders, 25 families, 52 genera, and 70 species. The Chromadoridae were most abundant followed by the Cyatholaimidae. At the family level, the nematode fauna was found to be similar to other temperate and tropical locations including those of a few previously described Caribbean assemblages. Epigrowth feeders were dominant (65.2%) on the substrate followed by non-selective deposit-feeders (13.3%). Free-living marine nematodes of the western and southern Caribbean are not well known, while nematode fauna of hard-bottom substrates are even less known. This survey provides first records of the hard-bottom nematode fauna of Trinidad and Tobago and also adds new evidence for the geographic range of some nematode species.1 aGobin, Judith, F.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/free-living-marine-nematodes-hard-bottom-substrates-trinidad-and-tobago-west-indies02310nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260007600218300001200294490000700306520144500313653002601758653001701784653001601801653001901817653002401836653002501860100002101885700002401906700001901930856013101949       2007                        eng d00aSpecies richness of the genus Molgolaimus (Nematoda) from local to ocean scale along continental slopes0 aSpecies richness of the genus Molgolaimus Nematoda from local to  a9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLANDbBLACKWELL PUBLISHING  a446-4590 v283 aThis study investigated the distribution of Molgolaimus species (Nematoda) at different hierarchical spatial scales and observed the turnover of species along bathymetrical transects and among transects in two separate geographical regions. Samples from six transects (200-2000 m) from the Southern Oceans (SO) and four bathymetric transects (50-2000 m) from the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) were compared. Of the 30 species recorded, only one was common to both regions. WIO had higher local species richness than the SO. In both regions, the local scale was the greatest contributor to the total species richness. In the SO, there was no difference between species turnover at the different spatial scales, however, in the WIO, the turnover along bathymetrical transects was higher than among separated transects. For the particular genus studied, the evidence suggests that the study area in WIO has more widespread species and was better sampled, while the SO has many restricted species and it is most probably characterized by different biogeographical provinces. At the ocean scale (i.e. WIO versus SO), evolutionary histories may have strongly influenced nematodes species composition, while at local and regional scales, ecological processes are probably promoting species co-existence and speciation. The high co-existence of certain species at local scale is partially explained by species preference for different sediment layers.10aadditive partitioning10abiogeography10aocean floor10aSouthern Ocean10aturnover of species10aWestern Indian Ocean1 aFonseca, Gustavo1 aMuthumbi, Agnes, W.1 aVanreusel, Ann  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/species-richness-genus-molgolaimus-nematoda-local-ocean-scale-along-continental-slopes02459nas a2200181   4500008004100000245017300041210006900214260008800283300001300371490000700384520166800391100001602059700001902075700002002094700001302114700001302127856013702140       2007                        eng d00aColonization patterns of Nematoda on decomposing algae in the estuarine environment: Community assembly and genetic structure of the dominant species Pellioditis marina0 aColonization patterns of Nematoda on decomposing algae in the es  a5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USAbAMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY  a992-10010 v523 aWe performed a field experiment in the Westerschelde Estuary (The Netherlands) to characterize the colonization dynamics of nematodes in relation to the proximity of a source population and to local environmental conditions. The effects of colonization on the population genetic structure of the dominant species, Pellioditis marina, were simultaneously investigated. Two contrasting sites, each containing four patches with defaunated algae, were sampled seven times during 1 month. Site A was situated amidst Fucus stands, which permanently harbor P. marina, while site B was approximately 100 m from any source population and experienced more stressful environmental conditions. We hypothesized that (1) colonization in site A would proceed faster than in site B and that (2) founder events and genetic bottlenecks would affect population genetic structure and differentiation at site B more than at site A. We screened 992 individuals for variation in 426 base pairs of the cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 gene with the single-strand conformation polymorphism method. The algal deposits at site A were indeed more rapidly colonized and reached fivefold higher densities of nematodes than those in site B. Haplotype composition in site A was very similar to that of the source population, while rare haplotypes were abundant and genetic diversity was lower in site B. We conclude that founder effects and genetic bottlenecks structured the populations in site B. The genetic differences between patches in each site further indicate that effective migration in P. marina is low and that priority effects influence the genetic structure of P. marina populations.1 aDerycke, S.1 aVan Vynckt, R.1 aVanoverbeke, J.1 aVincx, M1 aMoens, T  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/colonization-patterns-nematoda-decomposing-algae-estuarine-environment-community-assembly-an01843nas a2200253   4500008004100000245013000041210006900171260009700240300001200337490000700349520088000356653001901236653001401255653001401269653002601283653002201309100002001331700002001351700001801371700001901389700002401408700002001432856013701452       2007                        eng d00aMorphometry, energetics and diversity of free-living nematodes from coasts of Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia): an ecological meaning0 aMorphometry energetics and diversity of freeliving nematodes fro  aSTATION BIOLOGIQUE PLACE GEORGES TEISSIER, 29680 ROSCOFF, FRANCEbCAHIERS DE BIOLOGIE MARINE  a121-1370 v483 aAnalyses of water quality in the Bizerte lagoon showed their relative low oxygenation during September 2002 compared to December 2001. Sediment variables appeared directly dependent on the silt/clay distribution and sewage from the metallurgic factory "El Fouledh". Nematode abundances were negatively influenced by silt/clay, organic matter, metals and chlorophyll a content. The individual nematode body size was clearly related to the distribution of two dominant species, Terschellingia longicaudata (Linhomoeidae) and Paracomesoma dubium (Comesomatidae). Shannon-Wiener diversity index values were the lowest in the South-Western stations characterized by higher level of organic matter and a weaker effect of pollution, in "Baie des carrieres" and "Menzel Jemil" areas. The sediment metals were the key factors controlling the respiration rate of meiobenthic nematodes.10aBizerte lagoon10abody size10adiversity10ameiobenthic nematodes10arespiration rates1 aBoufahja, Fehmi1 aBeyrem, Hamouda1 aEssid, Naceur1 aAmorri, Jalila1 aMahmoudi, Ezzeddine1 aAissa, Patricia  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/morphometry-energetics-and-diversity-free-living-nematodes-coasts-bizerte-lagoon-tunisia-eco02728nas a2200193   4500008004100000022002200041245005400063210005300117260013600170300001600306490000700322520201900329100001802348700002402366700002002390700001802410700001702428856008902445       2007                        eng d  a0006-2979 (Print)00aDo we need many genes for phylogenetic inference?0 aDo we need many genes for phylogenetic inference  aBelozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. Aleshin@genebee.msu.su  a1313–13230 v723 aFifty-six nuclear protein coding genes from Taxonomically Broad EST Database and other databases were selected for phylogenomic-based examination of alternative phylogenetic hypotheses concerning intergroup relationship between multicellular animals (Metazoa) and other representatives of Opisthokonta. The results of this work support sister group relationship between Metazoa and Choanoflagellata. Both of these groups form the taxon Holozoa along with the monophyletic Ichthyosporea or Mesomycetozoea (a group that includes Amoebidium parasiticum, Sphaeroforma arctica, and Capsaspora owczarzaki). These phylogenetic hypotheses receive high statistical support both when utilizing whole alignment and when only 5000 randomly selected alignment positions are used. The presented results suggest subdivision of Fungi into Eumycota and lower fungi, Chytridiomycota. The latter form a monophyletic group that comprises Chytridiales+Spizellomycetales+Blastocladiales (Batrachochytrium, Spizellomyces, Allomyces, Blastocladiella), contrary to the earlier reports based on the analysis of 18S rRNA and a limited set of protein coding genes. The phylogenetic distribution of genes coding for a ubiquitin-fused ribosomal protein S30 implies at least three independent cases of gene fusion: in the ancestors of Holozoa, in heterotrophic Heterokonta (Oomycetes and Blastocystis) and in the ancestors of Cryptophyta and Glaucophyta. Ubiquitin-like sequences fused with ribosomal protein S30 outside of Holozoa are not FUBI orthologs. Two independent events of FUBI replacement by the ubiquitin sequence were detected in the lineage of C. owczarzaki and in the monophyletic group of nematode worms Tylenchomorpha+Cephalobidae. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Aphelenchoidoidea) retains a state typical of the rest of the Metazoa. The data emphasize the fact that the reliability of phylogenetic reconstructions depends on the number of analyzed genes to a lesser extent than on our ability to recognize reconstruction artifacts.1 aAleshin, V, V1 aKonstantinova, A, V1 aMikhailov, K, V1 aNikitin, M, A1 aPetrov, N, B  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/do-we-need-many-genes-phylogenetic-inference00640nas a2200157   4500008004100000245010600041210006900147490001300216100001600229700001900245700001900264700002500283700001900308700002000327856013500347       2007                        eng d00aExploitation of archived marine nematodes - a hot lysis DNA extraction protocol for molecular studies0 aExploitation of archived marine nematodes a hot lysis DNA extrac0 vin press1 aBhadury, P.1 aAusten, M., C.1 aBilton, D., T.1 aLambshead, P., J. D.1 aRogers, A., D.1 aSmerdon, G., R.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/exploitation-archived-marine-nematodes-hot-lysis-dna-extraction-protocol-molecular-studies00665nas a2200145   4500008004100000245018000041210006900221300001400290490000800304100002000312700001300332700001900345700001800364856013700382       2007                        eng d00aThree-dimensional fine structural reconstruction of the nose sensory structures of \emph{Acrobeles complexus} compared to \emph{Caenorhabditis elegans} ({Nematoda:Rhabditida})0 aThreedimensional fine structural reconstruction of the nose sens  a649–6630 v2681 aBumbarger, D.J.1 aCrum, J.1 aEllisman, M.H.1 aBaldwin, J.G.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/three-dimensional-fine-structural-reconstruction-nose-sensory-structures-emphacrobeles-compl00397nas a2200133   4500008004100000245002400041210002400065260004500089300001400134100001700148700001600165700001800181856006400199       2007                        eng d00aIntertidal Nematoda0 aIntertidal Nematoda  aBerkeleybUniversity of California Press  a234–2661 aHope, W., D.1 aSmith, R.I.1 aCarlton, J.T.  uhttps://nematoda.myspecies.info/content/intertidal-nematoda